Skin Cancer 101: Types, Treatment Approaches, Recognizing Symptoms, Causes, and Prevention Tips

The majority of skin cancers are invasive, malignant growths of the skin that cause localized destruction. They are made up of cells that are found in the skin's epidermis, the topmost layer. Contrary to cutaneous malignant melanoma, the vast majority of these skin tumours seldom metastasize—that is, spread to other parts of the body—and pose a threat to life.

There are three main types of skin cancer: melanoma, which is less common but more dangerous than the other two types, develops from the pigment-producing skin cells (melanocytes), basal cell carcinoma, which is the second most common type of skin cancer after squamous cell carcinoma.

Rare exceptions aside, UV light-induced DNA mutations in epidermis-derived cells are the primary cause of the majority of skin malignancies. The natural immune system appears to be in charge of controlling many of these early malignancies, and when it is weakened, it may allow the growth of masses of cancerous cells that eventually develop into tumours.

Skin growths, scabs, or sores that don't heal are a few examples of common skin cancer signs. existing skin spots changing, areas of waxy or pale skin, skin with scaly areas, moles that are flesh-colored or red.

Skin cancer is often excised. In cases of more advanced skin cancer, further tissue may be removed to ensure that all malignant cells have been eliminated. Surgery to remove the malignancy (often done under a local anaesthetic) is the most common form of treatment for skin cancer. Ointments or radiation therapy (radiotherapy) can be used to treat common skin malignancies. Cryotherapy, curettage, and cautery are further methods for removing skin cancer. Cryotherapy involves rapidly freezing the tumour off using liquid nitrogen.

It's crucial to routinely inspect your skin and consult your doctor if you notice any changes. Most of the time, your doctor will examine you and look closely for any suspicious-looking spots. Your doctor might take a biopsy (a small sample of tissue is removed for microscopic examination). A dermatologist, for example, may be recommended by your general practitioner under certain circumstances.