Remimazolam tosilate ok for supportive sedation in elderly patients under intraspinal anesthesia

Insufficient depth of anesthesia during surgery is known to cause intraoperative pain, abnormal sympathetic innervation, and even intraoperative awareness; while excessive anesthesia, on the other hand, will directly inhibit patients’ cardiac and cerebrovascular functions, delay their recovery, and increase their risks of postoperative complications such as respiratory depression.

Recent study in BMC Anesthesiology reports about Remimazolam tosilate (RT) for injection is a new benzodiazepine used in sedation. Its clinical application, has few effective indicators for sedation depth monitoring and is much safe to use in elderly patients.

The Bispectral Index (BIS) and the Patient State Index (PSI) are commonly used measures to assess intraoperative sedation depth. However, model differences lead to different results, which in turn interferes with clinicians’ judgment on the depth of anesthesia. This current study aims to compare BIS and PSI in measuring the sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative RT and to explore the safety of RT for intraspinal anesthesia in elderly patients.

The study included 40 patients undergoing elective electro-prostatectomy with intraspinal anesthesia, who were monitored by BIS and PSI simultaneously during operation. Remimazolam tosylate 0.1 mg/kg was intravenously administered after the intraspinal anesthesia when patients were in a completely painless status. Then BIS, PSI, the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (MOAA/S) scores and vital signs were observed and recorded per minute for 10 min. Pearson’s correlation analysis and linear regression model were used to compare BIS and PSI sedation scores.

The key findings of the study are

• According to Pearson’s correlation analysis, a significant (P < 0.01) correlation between BIS and PSI was found when used to monitor intraoperative sedation of RT (r = 0.796).

• Significant associations between BIS and MOAA/S (r = 0.568, P < 0.01), and between PSI and MOAA/S (r = 0.390, P < 0.01) were also found.

• The areas under the ROC curves of BIS and PSI were 0.801 ± 0.022 and 0.734 ± 0.026, respectively, suggesting that both measures may predict patients’ state of consciousness and BIS was more accurate than PSI.

• Vital signs remained stable throughout the study. No abnormal changes of clinical significance were found based on laboratory test results of liver and kidney function.

Researchers concluded that BIS and PSI are strongly associated for monitoring the sedation of RT intraoperatively. Both methods can accurately reflect sedation depth. According to correlation analyses with MOAA/S scale and ROC curves, BIS is more accurate than PSI during such intraoperative monitoring. In addition, RT can be safely used in elderly patients under intraspinal anesthesia for supportive sedation, with stable vital signs and sound kidney and liver safety profiles.

Reference: Zhao, Tym., Chen, D., Xu, Zx. et al. Comparison of bispectral index and patient state index as measures of sedation depth during surgeries using remimazolam tosilate. BMC Anesthesiol 23, 208 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-023-02172-3.