Study questions the premise of X-rays and CT scans causing cancer

The authors reexamined the original studies, dating back more than 70 years, which led to adoption of the LNT model. This reappraisal found that the data reported in those studies do not actually support the LNT model.

In the LNT model, the well-established cancer-causing effects of high doses of radiation are extended downward in a straight line to very low doses. The LNT model assumes there is no safe dose of radiation, no matter how small. However, the human body has evolved the ability to repair damage from low-dose radiation that naturally occurs in the environment.

The LNT model dates to studies, conducted in the 1940s, of fruit flies exposed to various doses of radiation. The scientists who conducted those studies concluded there is no safe level of radiation, thus giving rise to the LNT model that is used to this day. But their conclusion was unwarranted because their experiments had not been done at truly low doses. A study exposing fruit flies to low-dose radiation wasn't conducted until 2009, and this study did not support the LNT model.

Studies of atomic bomb survivors and other epidemiological studies of human populations have never conclusively demonstrated that low-dose radiation exposure can cause cancer.

Any claim that low-dose radiation from medical imaging procedures is known to cause cancer "should be vigorously challenged, because it serves to alarm and perhaps harm, rather than educate," Dr. Welsh and colleagues write.

The authors conclude the LNT model "should finally and decisively be abandoned."

The study is titled "The birth of the illegitimate linear no-threshold model - an invalid paradigm for estimating risk following low-dose radiation exposure."

In addition to Dr. Welsh, co-authors are Jeffry Siegel, PhD, president and CEO of Nuclear Physics Enterprises (first author); Charles Pennington of NAC International and Bill Sacks, MD, PhD, emeritus medical officer in the FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health.