Highly calcified Suprarenal aortic atheroma associated with AKI after transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Written By :  Aditi
Medically Reviewed By :  Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli
Published On 2023-06-21 04:30 GMT   |   Update On 2023-06-21 08:53 GMT
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Italy: A study published in the International Journal of Cardiology has concluded that Suprarenal aortic atheroma, when highly calcified, is associated with Acute kidney injury- transcatheter aortic valve replacement or AKI-TAVR. The researchers said that patients at high risk of AKI-TAVR could be identified by Perioperative-MSCT assessment of aortic atherosclerosis and can be benefitted from higher peri-operative surveillance.

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) may complicate transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). This could be related to atheroembolization associated with catheter manipulation in the supra-renal (SR) aorta.

Researchers in the present study determined the impact of SR aortic atheroma burden (SR-AAB) and composition, as well as of the aortic valve calcium score (AV-CS), measured at pre-operative multislice computed tomography (PO-MSCT), on AKI-TAVR. They subcategorized calcified plaque into three strata: low- (351–700 HU), mid- (701–1000 HU), and high‑calcium (>1000 HU, termed 1 K-plaque).

The study results could be summarised as follows:

  • Researchers included 222 patients with a mean age of 83.3 ± 5.7 years. (TAVR patients).
  • 42.8% were males.
  • 67/222 patients constituting 30.2%, had AKI-TAVR.
  • Patients developing AKI-TAVR had higher Absolute SR-AAB and %SR-AAB.
  • Patients who developed AKI-TAVR had higher mid‑calcium and 1 K plaque. They had no difference in AV-CS (p = 0.691).
  • There was an increased risk of AKI when the %SR-AAB is >15.0% and the %SR-calcified plaque is >7.0%.
  • %SR-AAB [OR 1.12] and %SR-calcified plaque [OR 5.60] had associated with AKI-TAVR.

We identified %SR-AAB >15.0% and %SR-calcified plaque >7.0% as optimal thresholds for predicting increased risk of AKI-TAVR from 3-knots spline analyses.

The study highlighted the usefulness of 3-dimensional multislice computed tomography in pre-TAVR evaluation.

The researchers in this study found higher supra-renal aortic atheroma burden (SR-AAB) and calcified plaque in AKI patients.

Further reading:

Supra-renal aortic atheroma extent and composition predict acute kidney injury after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A three-dimensional computed tomography study.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.03.053


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Article Source : International Journal of Cardiology

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