Study Reveals Potential Causal Link Between Depression and Peripheral Artery Disease

Findings:

• The findings revealed a significant association between genetic predisposition for MDD and an increased likelihood of genetic susceptibility to PAD, with an odds ratio of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.06–1.29) and a p-value of 2.6×10^−3.
• However, the research delved deeper, uncovering intermediate risk factors that appear to play a crucial role in this relationship.
• Genetic predisposition for MDD was found to be linked to several lifestyle factors, including an increased genetic propensity for lifetime smoking (β=0.11; P=1.2×10^−12), reduced alcohol intake (β=−0.078; P=0.043), and elevated body mass index (β=0.10; P=1.8×10^−2).
• These intermediate risk factors, in turn, were individually associated with an elevated risk of PAD.
• Smoking, for instance, showed a substantial odds ratio of 2.81 (95% CI, 2.28–3.47; P=9.8×10^−22), while reduced alcohol intake exhibited a protective effect with an odds ratio of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.66–0.88; P=1.8×10^−4).
• Similarly, an increased body mass index was associated with a heightened odds ratio of 1.61 (95% CI, 1.52–1.7; P=1.3×10^−57).
• To further validate the causal link between MDD and PAD, researchers employed multivariable Mendelian randomization, controlling for the intermediate risk factors.

Remarkably, the association between genetic predisposition for MDD and PAD was entirely attenuated, highlighting the pivotal role of these lifestyle factors in mediating the relationship. These findings carry significant implications for the field of cardiovascular health, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach to disease management. The study suggests that effective interventions for cardiovascular diseases, including PAD, may necessitate a combined focus on both physical and mental health. By addressing not only the cardiovascular risk factors but also the mental health components, healthcare professionals may enhance the overall efficacy of preventive and therapeutic strategies. In conclusion, this study adds a new dimension to our understanding of the complex relationship between depression and cardiovascular health. By unraveling the genetic and lifestyle factors at play, it paves the way for future research and underscores the importance of an integrated approach to healthcare that considers both mental and physical well-being.

Further reading: Major Depressive Disorder Impacts Peripheral Artery Disease Risk Through Intermediary Risk Factors. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.123.030233