TyG index combined with left ventricular ejection fraction may help in risk stratification of acute MI patients

The researchers found an association between a higher triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events, which was particularly evident among patients with a lower left ventricular ejection fraction in a comprehensive nationwide AMI registry conducted in China.

Moreover, the triglyceride-glucose index combined with left ventricular ejection fraction was helpful for risk stratification of acute MI patients.

A limited number of small-sample cohort studies have examined the association between the TyG index and in-hospital prognosis. However, there is no clarity on the translational potential role of left ventricular systolic function – measured by left ventricular ejection fraction – combined with the TyG index in prioritizing patients with acute MI at high risk of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).

Against the above background, Chong Zhang, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, and colleagues explore the potential role of the triglyceride-glucose index in left ventricular systolic function and in-hospital MACE in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

For this purpose, the researchers analyzed the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome project (CCC-ACS). The study included a total of 43,796 patients with acute myocardial infarction.

The researchers reported the following findings:

• Patients with a higher triglyceride-glucose index showed an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (odds ratio 1.46).
• Interaction analyses revealed that left ventricular ejection fraction modified the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose index and major adverse cardiovascular events.
• Patients with acute MI were categorized by the triglyceride-glucose index and left ventricular ejection fraction; the low left ventricular ejection fraction/high triglyceride-glucose index group showed the highest risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (adjusted odds ratio 2.14).

"The findings showed that a higher triglyceride-glucose index is associated with in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events, and this was particularly evident among patients with a lower left ventricular ejection fraction," the researchers wrote.

"Moreover, the TyG index combined with left ventricular ejection fraction was helpful for risk stratification of patients with acute myocardial infarction," they concluded.

Reference:

Zhang, C., Sun, P., Li, Z., Sun, H., Zhao, D., Liu, Y., Zhou, X., & Yang, Q. (2024). The potential role of the triglyceride-glucose index in left ventricular systolic function and in-hospital outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acvd.2023.12.010