Drugs to counter anxiety and depression may trigger post-surgery delirium, study finds

Lead researcher Dr Gizat Kassie says there was no link between pain-relieving opioids and delirium.

"Our findings show that different classes of medicine are riskier than others when it comes to causing delirium after surgery, and the older the patients are, the greater the risk," he says.

Smoking, alcohol use, multiple health conditions, polypharmacy (taking five or more medications), psychoactive drugs and impaired cognition also put people at risk.

"Many of these factors can't be altered but we can do something about medications," Dr Kassie says.

Delirium affects up to 55 per cent of older patients undergoing hip surgery and is associated with an increased risk of death, prolonged hospital stays and cognitive decline.

An earlier study found that older people who developed delirium following hip surgery had a 10 per cent higher death rate within one year compared to patients who were not affected.

The UniSA study is the first to investigate the link between specific medications and dementia after surgery. Previous studies have been broader in scope, considering a range of factors predisposing older patients to delirium.

The researchers hope that evidence-based recommendations can be implemented into clinical practice so that delirium risk by medicine type can be determined.

"In people undergoing elective procedures it should be practical to taper specific medications well in advance. It's important that people are weaned off these riskier drugs well before surgery because abrupt withdrawal can have even worse consequences," Dr Kassie says.