Attachment loss and periodontal inflamed surface area tied to HbA1c in T2DN patients

The association between diabetic neuropathy with and without diabetic foot and periodontitis remains unaddressed in the literature. The present study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of patients with periodontitis and its severity, and to correlate clinical attachment loss (AL) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) with HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetic Neuropathy (T2DN) patients with and without diabetic foot.

In this cross-sectional study, 310 patients with type 2 diabetic neuropathy (T2DN) were randomly selected, and the study comprised of 120 patients with type 2 diabetic neuropathy with diabetic foot and 155 patients with type 2 diabetic neuropathy without diabetic foot. All patients were assessed for periodontal parameters (bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, oral hygiene index-simplified), plaque index, and PISA) and systemic parameters (HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, urinary albumin creatine ratio, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). Unpaired t-test and Chi-Square test were used to analyze quantitative data and qualitative data, respectively.

The results of the study are:

• The frequency of patients with periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetic neuropathy with and without diabetic foot was 91.7% and 88.4%, respectively.
• The severity of periodontitis, periodontal inflamed surface area, and clinical attachment loss were higher in the diabetic foot group.
• Clinical attachment loss and periodontal inflamed surface area were significantly related to HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetic neuropathy with and without diabetic foot.

Thus, the percentage of patients with periodontitis and the severity of periodontal destruction were high in type 2 diabetic neuropathy with diabetic foot. A significant correlation between periodontal inflamed surface area, and clinical attachment loss with glycemic status was found in patients with type 2 diabetic neuropathy with and without diabetic foot.

Reference:

Adhenkavil Radhakrishnan, Raji, et al. "Proportion and Severity of Periodontitis and Correlation of Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area With Glycemic Status in Patients With Type 2 Diabetic Neuropathy With and Without Diabetic Foot." Journal of Periodontology, vol. 93, no. 5, 2022, pp. 687-696.