Caries Detection in Orthodontic Patients by smartphone photography Shows High Sensitivity but Low Specificity: Study

The findings revealed that smartphone photography demonstrated high sensitivity, meaning it was effective at correctly identifying teeth with caries, allowing early intervention and potentially preventing disease progression. However, the method showed lower specificity, indicating that healthy teeth were sometimes mistakenly identified as having caries.

This overdiagnosis could lead to unnecessary clinical evaluations, increased patient anxiety, or unwarranted treatments if not carefully interpreted. Despite this limitation, the study supports the use of smartphone-based photographic assessments as a screening tool, particularly in settings where in-person dental visits are limited or for preliminary monitoring between appointments.

The research underscores the importance of combining photographic assessments with clinical judgment and, when needed, conventional diagnostic methods such as radiographs and direct visual examination. As dental care increasingly incorporates digital and remote technologies, the study highlights both the potential and the limitations of relying solely on smartphone images for caries detection. Clinicians should be aware of the tendency toward false positives and ensure that follow-up evaluations confirm findings before initiating interventions.

Future research is warranted to optimize image capture techniques, enhance diagnostic algorithms, and explore artificial intelligence applications that may improve specificity without compromising sensitivity. By carefully integrating smartphone photography into clinical workflows, dental professionals can enhance patient monitoring, provide timely preventive care, and improve overall outcomes for orthodontic patients.