Synbiotic-fluoride enhances enamel remineralization with no biocompatibility concerns

The objectives of the present study were to examine the – a) enamel remineralization potential of synbiotic-fluoride (SF) therapy using a multi-species bacterial pH-cycling model; and b) cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of SF therapy extracts.

The SF therapy group comprised of 2% arginine (Arg), 0.2% NaF, and a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LRG). The intervention groups studied were: 1) No treatment; 2) 2% Arg; 3) 0.2% NaF; 4) LRG; 5) 2% Arg+0.2% NaF; 6) 2% Arg+LRG; 7) 0.2% NaF+LRG; and 8) 2% Arg+0.2% NaF+LRG (SF therapy). The enamel remineralization potential of SF therapy was investigated under cariogenic biofilm challenge; while the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of SF therapy extracts were examined on HGF-1 and Chinese hamster fibroblast V79, respectively. To determine the remineralization effect, the specimens were subjected to mineral density (MD) assessment using micro-CT, Ca/P molar ratio with SEM-EDX, and enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) estimates. The HGF-1 proliferation assessment was quantified using MTT/CCK-8 assays with qualitative analysis by nuclei staining Hoechst-based fluorescence imaging. The genotoxicity was determined by micronuclei formation test.

Results

• Mineral gain and % remineralization derived from MD assessment for the SF therapy were significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05).
• The % ΔCa/P for the SF and 2% Arg+0.2% NaF were significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05).
• The SF and 2% Arg+0.2% NaF groups had the highest EFU compared to the other groups (p<0.05).
• No significant difference in the % viable HGF-1 cells were observed between the treatment interventions and no treatment group (p>0.05).
• Compared to the EMS-positive control, the micronuclei formation for all the intervention groups was significantly lower (p<0.05), with no significant difference among the treatment groups (p>0.05).

The SF therapy enhanced enamel remineralization with no biocompatibility concerns. With the enhanced enamel remineralization potential discerned in the present study, the SF therapy can be used as a promising caries-preventive agent targeted for high caries-risk individuals.

Reference:

Mohammed Nadeem BIJLE, Mohamed Mahmoud ABDALLA, Chun Hung CHU, Cynthia Kar Yung YIU. Synbiotic-fluoride synergism on enamel remineralization, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, Journal of Dentistry, 2022, 104356, ISSN 0300-5712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104356.

Keywords

Arginine, fluoride, remineralization, synbiotictoxicity, Journal of Dentistry, Mohammed Nadeem BIJLE, Mohamed Mahmoud ABDALLA, Chun Hung CHU, Cynthia Kar Yung YIU