Barcitinib effective in severe nail lichen planus- 1st case report

A woman in her 60s presented with 1 year history of a severe nail dystrophy of all fingers of both hands. Onychomycosis was ruled out by direct examination as well as results of a culture of nail specimens. Presence of longitudinal ridging and fissuring, distal splitting, and trachyonychia led to a clinical diagnosis of severe NLP. No other cutaneous mucosal involvement was seen in the patient. Patient's NLP had been treated with 5 intramuscular triamcinolone injections (40mg per month) followed by oral acitretin (25mg, daily) for 5months without any improvement. Later methotrexate was administered to the patient which showed some efficacy but was discontinued because of adverse effects, such as fatigue and a lowering of her work capacity. The authors then began treatment with baricitinib 4mg daily which led to substantial improvement in 2months and complete clearance at 6 months.

At eleventh month of treatment, the daily dose was reduced to 2mg with limited disease recurrence on 1 finger. The patient remained satisfied with her disease control so she was maintained at 2mg daily.

In NLP depending on nail matrix or bed involvement the clinical picture differs. Commonly the nail matrix is affected leading to lateral thinning with longitudinal ridging and fissuring of the nail and finally dorsal pterygium formation. Nail bed NLP results in subungual hyperkeratosis, onycholysis, nail bed atrophy and even anonychia.

Because of the unpredictable course and potential dystrophic nature of NLP early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial and essential. Lac of robust data has led to treatment recommendations for NLP based on expert opinions, case series, or case report only. Unfortunately, the response to these treatments is often unsatisfactory. Use of tofacitinib in LP has been reported.

The JAK2 is considered the cornerstone of the pathogenesis of LP. Thus the authors administered baricitinib, an oral highly selective JAK1/2 inhibitor which has a good safety profile resulting in rapid and sustainable improvement without any adverse effects.

To conclude baricitinib may be a promising therapy for severe NLP which is normally tough to treat with unsatisfactory results with other treatments.

Source-

1. Pünchera J, Laffitte E. Treatment of Severe Nail Lichen Planus With Baricitinib. JAMA Dermatol. 2021 Dec 8. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.5082. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34878494.

2. Arnold DL, Krishnamurthy K. Lichen Planus. [Updated 2021 Sep 13]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526126/