FDA Approves Oral Pritelivir for Resistant herpes simplex virus Lesions in Immunocompromised Adults

The US FDA has approved oral pritelivir for treating mucocutaneous lesions caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) in immunocompromised adults who have not responded adequately to other antiviral therapies.

Pritelivir offers a new treatment option for patients with difficult-to-treat HSV infections, particularly those with resistance or inadequate response to existing antiviral drugs.

Clinical Implication: Pritelivir represents an important therapeutic advance for immunocompromised patients with refractory HSV infections, addressing an unmet need where conventional antiviral treatments may fail.

Disease or Condition

Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are common viral infections that typically cause painful mucocutaneous lesions, or fluid-filled blisters that break open and crust over the infectious site. Once a person has HSV, the infection cannot be cured. The virus can be dormant or can reactivate, leading people to have outbreaks or release contagious viral particles without being symptomatic.

There are several FDA-approved antiviral treatments that can help control or improve outbreaks. Patients with compromised immune systems can have more frequent and serious HSV outbreaks that might not respond well to available treatments because their virus is resistant to the medications or they cannot tolerate side effects.

Effectiveness

The efficacy of Hovilpri was evaluated in a randomized, open-label, comparator-controlled, superiority trial (PRIOH-1 Phase 3 Trial, Part C; NCT 03073967) in immunocompromised participants with mucocutaneous HSV infection who did not respond to treatment with acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir. Participants received Hovilpri or the trial investigator’s choice of available treatments for up to 28 days until all mucocutaneous lesions healed, which was extended up to 42 days if lesions were improving but not completely healed after 28 days.

A total of 101 immunocompromised adults were randomly assigned and treated with Hovilpri or the investigator’s choice of available treatments. Participants had a wide range of immunosuppressive clinical conditions, including one or more of the following: hematologic malignancy/disorder, hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, HIV infection, autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, non-hematologic malignancies, or solid-organ transplantation.

The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of participants with all lesions healed during the treatment period up to 28 days. By 28 days, all lesions were healed in 63% of patients receiving Hovilpri, compared with 34% of patients receiving one of the other medications.

Safety

The most common adverse reaction was headache. See the prescribing information about certain drug interactions with Hovilpri.