Saturated solutions of potassium iodide Safe, Effective, and Cost-Effective Option for Fungal Infections, finds review

Although iodine has served medical practitioners for over two centuries in treating diverse ailments like syphilis and thyroid dysfunction, a significant clinical gap emerged as clinicians favored newer agents due to a lack of precise knowledge regarding the drug’s exact mechanism of action and toxicological thresholds; consequently, Nishant Goel and Bhavana R. Doshi from the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy at J. N. Medical College initiated the review to standardize dosing and clarify the pharmacology of Potassium Iodide (KI).

Therefore, the clinical review utilized current pharmacological evidence to detail the precise methodology for preparing SSKI in an outpatient department (OPD) setting—involving the dissolution of 100 grams of KI in 70 ml of hot distilled water—while defining a study population focus that spans various inflammatory and infectious dermatoses and emphasizes the necessity of screening for exclusion criteria like renal insufficiency or hypersensitivity to ensure a safe primary endpoint of clinical cure.

Key Clinical Findings of the Review Include:

• Antioxidant Modulation: The investigation highlights that KI functions as a powerful antioxidant by directly neutralizing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting proinflammatory enzymes like type 2 cyclooxygenase to protect host tissues.

• Dosing Precision: Researchers confirmed that for inflammatory diseases such as erythema multiforme or Sweet syndrome, a consistent daily dosage of 900 mg administered for up to four weeks provides significant therapeutic relief.

• Selective Pathogen Killing: The investigation credits KI with enhancing the myeloperoxidase system, where iodide competitively inhibits chloride to form hypoiodous acid, an oxidant that selectively targets pathogen proteins without causing the destructive protein dimerization associated with other oxidants.

• Immune Response Shifting: The review indicates that in the presence of antigens, KI can activate Th1 responses to destroy infected cells or boost Th2 responses to inhibit granuloma formation, depending on whether the threat is intracellular or extracellular

• Pediatric Adaptability: The investigation reports that for children with sporotrichosis, a starting dose of 150 mg per day can be safely escalated to 160 mg/kg/day, offering a flexible and effective treatment regimen for younger populations.

The results suggest that implementing these standardized protocols for a 1 gm/ml solution allows for highly effective outcomes in fungal infections, where cumulative doses might reach 6000 mg daily, ensuring both safety and a high mycological cure rate.

Thus, the review concludes that healthcare professionals might find it beneficial to reincorporate this versatile medication into their clinical practice as a cost-effective alternative, particularly when standard primary therapies are either unavailable or contraindicated.

While the current review provides a robust framework for administration, further exploration into large-scale prospective trials could further refine the optimal tapering strategies and long-term monitoring requirements, such as Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) assessments, for chronic dermatological conditions.

Reference

Goel N, Doshi BR. Potassium iodide in dermatology‑ Recent advances in mechanism of action, preparation, uses, and adverse effects. Indian J Dermatol 2025;70:169