High HDL-C Linked to Increased Risk of Low Muscle Mass in Older Men: Study Reveals

The researchers employed multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models to validate these findings, both confirming a linear relationship between HDL-C levels and the risk of low muscle mass. These results suggest that HDL-C, traditionally associated with cardiovascular benefits, may also play a role in age-related muscle health, though not necessarily a protective one.

Despite the compelling data, the study acknowledges some limitations. The observational nature of the research does not allow for causal conclusions. Additionally, functional assessments like grip strength, which are important in diagnosing sarcopenia, were not included. The findings are also limited to a Chinese population, and further studies across diverse ethnic groups are necessary to broaden applicability.

Moreover, since the study participants were drawn from individuals undergoing CT scans for lung cancer screening, the possibility of selection bias cannot be ruled out. Lifestyle factors like diet and exercise, which could influence both HDL-C and muscle mass, were also not accounted for.

The authors concluded, "The findings present HDL-C as a potentially useful biomarker for identifying older individuals, particularly men, who are at increased risk of muscle loss. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this association and whether interventions targeting HDL-C could aid in sarcopenia prevention or management."

Reference:

Zhang W, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Wang J and Chen X (2025) Associations between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and computed tomography-defined low muscle mass in older adults and sex-related differences. Front. Endocrinol. 16:1600431. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1600431