Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may predict potential complications among type 2 diabetes patients: Study

The researchers revealed the equivalent efficacy of NLR to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in predicting glycemic control. They suggest that since diabetes affects different body organs, NLR evaluation probably predicts inflammation.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that causes blood glucose dysregulation. Type 2 diabetes could result in long-term inflammatory conditions that impact different body organs. Despite the availability of diagnostic markers like HbA1c for T2DM, it is essential to find an appropriate marker that could predict long-term complications.

Against the above background, Qader A. Jalily, Microbiology, Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences, Vikarabad, India, and colleagues evaluated the potential role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting disease progression and treatment responses.

For this purpose, the researchers conducted a case-control study among 160 T2DM patients with 132 non-diabetic persons. Blood samples were collected from each participant and were processed for HbA1c, hemoglobin, ferritin, iron, and complete blood picture (NLR).

The researchers reported the following findings:

• There was a significant variation in the serum levels of ferritin (264.8±611.6 ng/ml versus 168.3±364.7 ng/ml), iron (4.095±8.851 mcg/dl versus 55.20±37.62 mcg/dl), and HbA1c (8.169±1.635% versus 5.668±0.5260%) among T2DM patients compared to non-diabetic persons.
• The NLR values (4.189±4.154 versus 4.095±8.851) among patients with T2DM significantly varied from those of non-diabetic persons.
• There was a significant negative correlation between the serum levels of iron and NLR (r=-0.17), and a positive correlation existed between HbA1c and NLR (r=0.19).
• The serum levels of iron revealed a significant positive correlation with the serum levels of ferritin (r=0.24) and hemoglobin percentage (r=0.41).
• HbA1c revealed a significant positive correlation with NLR (r=0.19).
• There was a significant negative correlation between iron with NLR (r=-0.17) and hemoglobin percentage with NLR (r=-0.30). However, no such correlation was demonstrated among non-diabetic persons.
• With an accuracy of 89.85% and high sensitivity and specificity, NLR showed diagnostic accuracy like HbA1c.

In conclusion, despite the availability of traditional markers like blood glucose and HbA1c to diagnose type 2 diabetes patients, they may be inappropriate to assess the overall health and predict long-term T2D complications.

The study found a significant correlation between HbA1c and NLR among T2DM patients. Moreover, there was a significant variation in NLR between T2DM patients and non-diabetic persons.

"The study results support the role played by the NLR to manage T2DM patients," the researchers wrote.

"Alternatively, a more comprehensive evaluation of patients with type 2 diabetes is possible with NLR estimation. Unlike the traditional biomarkers, NLR could be used to predict potential complications among T2DM patients."

Reference:

Mohammed A, Khaleel M, R. M. P, et al. (February 29, 2024) Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Potential Biomarker to Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Predicting Disease Progression. Cureus 16(2): e55227. doi:10.7759/cureus.55227