Women with primary Sjogren syndrome have increased dryness of mouth and autoimmune activity compared to men

In a recent study by researchers found that women with primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) are closely associated increased dryness, cytopenia, hypocomplementemia, and autoantibody positivity. The findings were published in JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology.

The study analyzed medical records of 961 patients with pSS treated between January 2013 and March 2022. Among the participants, 140 (14.6%) were men and 821 (85.4%) were women. The researchers compared various clinical characteristics and serological parameters of the disease between the two groups using statistical tests.

The results revealed significant differences in the manifestation of pSS symptoms and laboratory findings between men and women. Women with pSS showed a higher prevalence of dry mouth, dry eyes, arthralgia, and dental caries compared to men. They also exhibited higher levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and immunoglobulin M, as well as a higher prevalence of leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, low complement 3, and low complement 4. Additionally, women had higher titers of antinuclear antibody, anti-Sjögren syndrome A, anti-Ro52, and rheumatoid factor positivity.

On the other hand, men with pSS had a higher prevalence of parotid enlargement and interstitial lung disease compared to women. These findings suggest that men may experience lighter sicca symptoms and lower immunoactivity and serologic responses compared to women. However, it is important to note that regular monitoring of interstitial lung disease in men with pSS is crucial, as it remains a significant concern.

The study highlights the impact of sex on the clinical presentation and serological profile of patients with pSS. The findings provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals involved in the diagnosis and management of this autoimmune condition. Tailoring treatment plans based on sex-specific differences can lead to more effective and personalized care for patients with pSS.

In conclusion, understanding the clinical and biological differences between men and women with pSS is crucial for optimizing patient care and outcomes. By recognizing and addressing these differences, healthcare providers can develop tailored strategies to effectively manage symptoms, monitor disease progression, and provide timely interventions, ultimately improving the quality of life for individuals living with primary Sjögren syndrome.

Source:

Zhang, Y., Chen, J.-Q., Yang, J.-Y., Liao, J.-H., Wu, T.-H., Yu, X.-B., Huang, Z.-W., He, Q., Wang, Q., Song, W.-J., Luo, J., & Tao, Q.-W. (2023). Sex Difference in Primary Sjögren Syndrome. In JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology: Vol. Publish Ahead of Print. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). https://doi.org/10.1097/rhu.0000000000001962