World Hepatitis Day 2023: Dispelling Misconceptions About Hepatitis B - Dr Adarsh CK

A couple approached us with a troubling history of three voluntary abortions. The wife, diagnosed with hepatitis B, feared transmitting the infection to their child, which could potentially lead to liver cirrhosis or even liver cancer. Overwhelmed with concern, they expressed their reluctance to have any children. 

Their visible distress prompted us to counsel them about the hepatitis B virus, its modes of transmission, available treatments, and preventive measures. After understanding the comprehensive information provided, they decided to pursue pregnancy. Today, their healthy two-year-old child tests negative for hepatitis B, and they eagerly await the arrival of another child in just three months.

Unfortunately, numerous misconceptions surround hepatitis B. Allow me to address some common questions related to this condition.

What is hepatitis B, and how is it transmitted?

Hepatitis B is a bloodborne virus that can cause irreversible liver disease, known as liver cirrhosis, in approximately 20% of infected individuals. Furthermore, some may even develop liver cancer.

Hepatitis B can be transmitted through various means, including from mother to child, through transfusion of infected blood, sharing contaminated needles (commonly observed among drug abusers), sexual transmission, and the use of contaminated razors or toothbrushes.

How prevalent is hepatitis B in India?

Studies indicate that approximately 5% of the Indian population is affected by this infection. However, only 20% of them are aware of their infection. Therefore, everyone must undergo testing for this infection.

What are the clinical symptoms?

In most cases, the virus remains asymptomatic until significant liver damage has occurred. Symptoms that may manifest at this stage include loss of appetite, abdominal pain, jaundice, vomiting (including blood), swelling of the legs and abdomen, altered behaviour, and weight loss.

How is hepatitis B diagnosed?

A simple blood test can confirm the presence of this infection. Once the infection is confirmed, further tests, such as HBV DNA, liver function tests, and abdominal ultrasound, are conducted to assess the severity of the infection and determine the appropriate treatment approach.

Is hepatitis B treatable?

Absolutely. Hepatitis B is not only treatable but can also be curable in some cases. There are now excellent, effective, and affordable drugs available for the treatment of this virus. Timely initiation of medication is crucial. Therefore, individuals with hepatitis B infection should maintain regular visits to their gastroenterologist. Treatment duration can be long, and in some cases, lifelong. Nevertheless, these treatments are highly safe and effective in preventing liver disease and liver cancer.

Can hepatitis B be prevented?

Certainly. Once a person receives the three doses of the vaccine and develops antibodies against the hepatitis B virus, they become immune to the infection.

What are the seven common myths about hepatitis B?

1. Myth: Hepatitis B patients should be segregated. Fact: They can lead normal lives.
2. Myth: Hepatitis B is untreatable. Fact: It is treatable.
3. Myth: Hepatitis B patients only need a single doctor visit and do not require follow-ups. Fact: Regular follow-ups every six months or annually are necessary.
4. Myth: Infected individuals should not marry or have children. Fact: They can safely marry and plan for a family.
5. Myth: Infected individuals cannot breastfeed. Fact: They can breastfeed.
6. Myth: There is no vaccine for hepatitis B. Fact: An effective vaccine is available.
7. Myth: Hepatitis B can spread through close contact, touching, or sharing utensils. Fact: It does not spread through these means. The earlier discussion explains the modes of transmission.