Medical Bulletin 24/May/2023

Here are the top medical news for the day:

GPR141 regulates breast cancer progression via oncogenic mediators

Breast cancer morbidity is surging towards the peak in females across the globe. An inherent property of cancer cells is enhanced cell proliferation rate and migration capability, leading to deregulated cell signaling cascades. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have recently emerged as a hot-spot target in cancer research.

A new research paper was published in Oncotarget's Volume 14 on May 19, 2023, entitled, “G-protein-coupled receptor 141 mediates breast cancer proliferation and metastasis by regulating oncogenic mediators and the p-mTOR/p53 axis.”

Reference:

Phase 3 Trial of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy in Toddlers with Peanut Allergy,New England Journal of Medicine,https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2212895 

Hydrocortisone may improve treatment of septic shock

In a study publishing May 22, 2023 in the New England Journal of Medicine: Evidence, an international team of researchers from UC San Francisco, Raymond Poincaré AP-HP Hospital, Versailles SQY University, Paris-Saclay University and Inserm, and the George Institute for Global Health in Sydney, studied the role of hydrocortisone in the management of adult patients with septic shock. They found that while the effect of hydrocortisone was modest in terms of overall survival, it was associated with a decrease in the need for vasopressor drugs and improvement in survival when used in combination with other corticosteroids.

Sepsis is a global health priority affecting 55 million patients worldwide and causing 11 million deaths annually. Treatment for sepsis may include prompt recognition, source control, antibiotics, fluids, vasopressors, and adjunctive therapies. Corticosteroids have been evaluated as adjunctive therapy for septic shock for more than 50 years. Despite this substantive body of research, uncertainty persists about the effects of corticosteroids on mortality.

Reference:

Patient-Level Meta-Analysis of Low-Dose Hydrocortisone in Adults with Septic Shock,NEJM Evidence,DOI 10.1056/EVIDoa2300034

 Why high-sugar diets can worsen IBD

A new study by University of Pittsburgh scientists suggests that excess sugar hampers cells that renew the colon’s lining in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

The findings, published in Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, could help get to the bottom of why limiting sugary foods can ease symptoms for patients with IBD.

Reference:

Excess dietary sugar alters colonocyte metabolism and impairs the proliferative response to damage,Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology,DOI 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.05.001