New Discovery, Immune Cells in Cranial Bone Marrow Combat Glioblastomas: Study
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In a recent study published in the journal Nature Medicine, researchers examine clinical glioblastoma and benign intracranial samples to determine the presence and function of immune cells in the brain.
The brain is considered an 'immune-privileged' organ with minimal immunological activity. However, recent research has revealed the presence of both innate and adaptive immune cells in areas such as the choroid plexus, meninges, and dural sinuses. The presence of immune cells at the interface between the central nervous system (CNS) and the rest of the body enables information to be conveyed from the brain via interstitial, cerebrospinal, and lymphatic fluids.
The disruption of the neuro-immune barrier may be implicated in malignant diseases, such as glioblastoma; however, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been associated with limited efficacy in treating glioblastomas. Systemic immunosuppression and intrinsic, adaptive, and acquired immunotherapy resistance may prevent these immunotherapies from successfully reaching brain tumours.
Clinical samples are collected from patients with grade four isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma who had not undergone chemotherapy or radiation. Post-surgical CT scans were performed within 24 hours of sample collection, while MRI scans were done within 72 hours. To visualise and quantify CXCR4-expressing cells in the cranial bone and tumour tissues, clinical CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) radiolabeling was integrated with PET-CT imaging data.
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