WHO Reports Major Chandipura Virus Outbreak: Largest In 20 Years
A major Chandipura Virus (CHPV) Outbreak has been reported in the Gujrat State of India, which is considered the largest in 20 years, WHO recently stated.
CHPV is a virus from the Rhabdoviridae family that causes sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in parts of India, especially during the rainy season. It spreads through insects like sandflies, mosquitoes, and ticks. In Gujarat, the sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi is known to carry the virus. The disease often has a high death rate, ranging from 56% to 75%, especially during outbreaks in India.
As per the WHO, from early June to August 15, 2024, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India reported 245 cases of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), with 82 of those cases resulting in death, giving a case fatality rate of 33%.
Out of the 245 reported cases of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), 64 have been confirmed cases caused by CHPV. Among these 64 confirmed cases, 61 were reported in Gujarat State and 3 in Rajasthan State.
Since July 19, 2024, there has been a daily decrease in the number of new AES cases.
In 2003, a significant outbreak of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) occurred in Andhra Pradesh, with 329 suspected cases and 183 deaths. A study suggests that this outbreak was caused by CHPV.
CHPV infection leads to a quick onset of symptoms and has a high case-fatality rate, ranging from 56% to 75%. There is currently no specific treatment or vaccine for the virus, so care is focused on managing symptoms. Prompt referral of suspected AES cases to specialized facilities can enhance the chances of a better outcome.
“To prevent the spread of CHPV, controlling vectors and protecting against bites from sandflies, mosquitoes, and ticks are crucial measures. Poor housing and sanitation, such as inadequate waste management or open sewers, can create breeding and resting sites for sandflies and increase their access to humans,” WHO suggested.
While there are no specific antiviral treatments or approved vaccines for CHPV, early medical intervention and supportive care can enhance the chances of a better outcome.
Reference: World Health Organization. (2024). Acute encephalitis syndrome due to Chandipura virus. https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2024-DON529.
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