Cardiovascular Kidney Metabolic Syndrome : A Presidential Advisory From the AHA

A deeper understanding of how obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease are interconnected has paved the way for a new concept of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome, according to A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. This syndrome, born from the convergence of metabolic risk factors and chronic kidney disease, is closely tied to higher risks of adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes.

While considerable progress has been made in comprehending and managing this syndrome, significant knowledge gaps remain. These gaps include the mechanisms behind disease development, the diverse clinical characteristics of affected individuals, the intricate interplay between social factors and biological risks, and accurate assessments of disease occurrence amid various competing risks.

Moreover, clinical care for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome faces limitations, especially in areas like early-life prevention, risk factor screening, interdisciplinary care models, effective lifestyle modification and weight loss strategies, targeting emerging therapies for heart and kidney protection, managing patients with both cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, and the impact of systematically addressing social determinants of health.

This scientific statement, through an analysis of major guidelines and a review of existing literature, offers insights into the existing scientific evidence and crucial gaps concerning the understanding, screening, prevention, and management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome. It highlights the need for further research and more comprehensive approaches to tackle this complex syndrome.