Coffee is more than just a morning pick-me-up; it may also offer important cognitive and neurological benefits. A recent review published in the Cureus Journal of Medical Science examined key chemical components of coffee and combined findings from animal and human studies to understand its effects on the brain. The review explored how coffee impacts memory, attention, neuroprotection, and even pain relief, highlighting its potential to support healthy brain function.
The research team performed a broad search across multiple medical databases, collecting 109 peer-reviewed articles published in the last decade. They focused on caffeine and related purines such as theobromine, theophylline, and paraxanthine compounds known for influencing brain activity.
The review examined how these substances interact with brain receptors like adenosine, phosphodiesterase, and GABA receptors, which regulate neuronal signaling and plasticity—the brain’s ability to form new connections. The authors also discussed how coffee components may promote neuroplasticity, encouraging synaptic adjustments and new neuron growth, processes critical for learning and memory.
Animal studies showed encouraging results, with caffeine improving memory and attention by enhancing long-term potentiation (LTP), a key mechanism of synaptic strengthening. However, the review noted that high or chronic caffeine exposure can sometimes reduce LTP, suggesting the benefits depend on dose and timing. Human trials reported that coffee consumption can boost alertness, mood, and neural efficiency, sometimes thanks to synergistic effects of compounds beyond caffeine, like polyphenols.
Regarding safety, coffee generally appeared well tolerated, with little impact on sleep in regular drinkers. However, anxiety symptoms were triggered in susceptible individuals, showing the need for moderation. Observational studies indicate that regular coffee intake may reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, although results varied and were not yet definitive.
In conclusion, coffee shows promise in supporting cognitive health and neuroprotection, but mechanisms remain complex and individual responses vary. More rigorous clinical trials are needed to clarify optimal doses and understand long-term effects. Meanwhile, moderate coffee consumption appears safe and could play a part in maintaining brain health as we age.
REFERENCE: Pergolizzi, J.V., Tenenbaum, J.T., Pergolizzi, C., LeQuang, J.A.K. (2025). Neurocognitive and Neurological Effects of Coffee and Caffeine: A Narrative Review. Cureus 17(10): e94742. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.94742, https://www.cureus.com/articles/407421-neurocognitive-and-neurological-effects-of-coffee-and-caffeine-a-narrative-review
Disclaimer: This website is primarily for healthcare professionals. The content here does not replace medical advice and should not be used as medical, diagnostic, endorsement, treatment, or prescription advice. Medical science evolves rapidly, and we strive to keep our information current. If you find any discrepancies, please contact us at corrections@medicaldialogues.in. Read our Correction Policy here. Nothing here should be used as a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. We do not endorse any healthcare advice that contradicts a physician's guidance. Use of this site is subject to our Terms of Use, Privacy Policy, and Advertisement Policy. For more details, read our Full Disclaimer here.
NOTE: Join us in combating medical misinformation. If you encounter a questionable health, medical, or medical education claim, email us at factcheck@medicaldialogues.in for evaluation.