Source of sugar may be more significant in the development of obesity among children, finds study

New research being presented at the European Congress on Obesity (ECO) suggested that the source of sugar is more important than the amount of sugar when it comes to the development of obesity in children.

High consumption of sugary foods is recognised as a risk factor for childhood overweight and obesity, prompting recommendations for reduced intake of sugar-rich foods like cakes, and sugar-sweetened beverages. Instead, children are encouraged to consume more fruit and unsweetened dairy products such as milk and yoghurt. However, despite being perceived as healthy choices, these foods contain significant amounts of intrinsic sugars—naturally occurring sugars within the food itself—rather than added sugars.

The intrinsic sugars found these food products can still contribute to obesity if consumed excessively. While these dairy products offer essential nutrients like protein, calcium, and vitamins, they also contain lactose, a type of sugar. When consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet, the intrinsic sugars in milk and yogurt are typically metabolized efficiently by the body. However, overconsumption of these dairy products can lead to an excessive intake of calories from sugars, which may contribute to weight gain and obesity over time.

In the study, researchers analysed data from the GEKCO Drenthe study, between April 2006 and April 2007 and aimed to investigate the relationship between early childhood sugar intake and weight-related outcomes. A food intake questionnaire completed by parents of 891 children at age 3 provided data on total sugar intake and sugar intake from various sources. Height and weight measurements were used to calculate BMI Z-scores and weight status at age 10.

The study found that while the average total daily sugar intake was 112g, it wasn't associated with BMI, weight gain, or weight status. However, higher sugar intake from sugary snacks correlated with a higher BMI Z-score at 10 years. Conversely, greater sugar intake from whole fruit was linked to a lower BMI Z-score and less weight gain.

Similarly, higher sugar intake from unsweetened liquid dairy products was associated with a reduced risk of developing overweight/obesity, with children having a 67% lower risk compared to those with lower intake.

“When it comes to developing obesity in childhood, the source of sugar seems to be more important than the amount. Children should be encouraged to have fruit and milk instead of sweetened milk and yogurt drinks, sweets, cakes, and other foods rich in added sugar,” said lead researcher Junyang Zou, of the Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.

Reference: Junyang Zou, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands, et al.; Source of sugar may be more important than amount when it comes to the development of obesity in children; EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF OBESITY; MEETING: European Congress on Obesity (ECO2024)