Study Finds How Lifestyle and Vascular Health Impact Brain Age
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Using an AI tool, researchers at Karolinska Institutet have analysed brain images from 70-year-olds and estimated their brains' biological age. They found that factors detrimental to vascular health, such as inflammation and high glucose levels, are associated with an older-looking brain, while healthy lifestyles were linked to brains with a younger appearance. The results are presented in Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association.
The study involved 739 cognitively healthy 70-year-olds, 389 of whom were female, recruited from Gothenburg’s H70 cohort in Sweden. The researchers took MRI scans of their brains and then estimated the age of the resulting brain images using their own AI-based algorithm.
The brain images were complemented with blood samples for measuring lipids, glucose, and inflammation. The participants also carried out cognitive testing. Data on lifestyle factors such as exercise and medical conditions were also available.
The AI tool estimated the brain age for both sexes to be on average 71 years. The researchers then looked at the “brain age gap” by subtracting the participants' estimated biological brain age from their chronological age.
The researchers found that diabetes, stroke, cerebral small vessel disease, and inflammation were linked to brains with an older appearance, whereas a healthy lifestyle involving regular exercise could be linked to brains of a younger appearance.
The brains of women and men seem to differ in terms of factors linked to older- and younger-looking brains, meaning that women and men may differ in how they build resilience, a phenomenon that the researchers now plan to investigate by looking not only at biological determinants such as hormones but also at sociocultural influences.
Reference: ”Biological brain age and resilience in cognitively unimpaired 70-year-old individuals”, Anna Marseglia, Caroline Dartora, Jessica Samuelsson, Konstantinos Poulakis, Rosaleena Mohanty, Sara Shams, Olof Lindberg, Lina Rydén, Therese Rydberg Sterner, Johan Skoog, Anna Zettergren, Silke Kern, Ingmar Skoog and Eric Westman, Alzheimer's & Dementia, online 20 December 2024. doi: 10.1002/alz.14435.
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