Spirituality linked with better health outcomes

Spirituality should be incorporated into care for both serious illness and overall health, according to a study led by researchers at Harvard.

This study represents the most rigorous and comprehensive systematic analysis of the modern day literature regarding health and spirituality to date, said researchers. These findings indicate that attention to spirituality in serious illness and in health should be a vital part of future whole person-centered care, and the results should stimulate more national discussion and progress on how spirituality can be incorporated into this type of value-sensitive care.

According to the International Consensus Conference on Spiritual Care in Health Care, spirituality is "the way individuals seek ultimate meaning, purpose, connection, value, or transcendence." This could include organized religion but extends well beyond to include ways of finding ultimate meaning by connecting, for example, to family, community, or nature.

A structured, multidisciplinary group of experts, called a Delphi panel, then reviewed the strongest collective evidence and offered consensus implications for health and health care.

They noted that for healthy people, spiritual community participation–as exemplified by religious service attendance – is associated with healthier lives, including greater longevity, less depression and suicide, and less substance use. For many patients, spirituality is important and influences key outcomes in illness, such as quality of life and medical care decisions. Consensus implications included incorporating considerations of spirituality as part of patient-centered health care and increasing awareness among clinicians and health professionals about the protective benefits of spiritual community participation.

The 27-member panel was composed of experts in spirituality and health care, public health, or medicine, and represented a diversity of spiritual/religious views, including spiritual-not-religious, atheist, Muslim, Catholic, various Christian denominations, and Hindu.

Researchers concluded that overlooking spirituality leaves patients feeling disconnected from the health care system and the clinicians trying to care for them, Integrating spirituality into care can help each person have a better chance of reaching complete well-being and their highest attainable standard of health.

Reference: "Spirituality in Serious Illness and Health" JAMA DOI:10.1001/jama.2022.11086.