DM Medical Gastroenterology: Admissions, Medical colleges, fees, eligibility criteria details
DM Medical Gastroenterology or Doctorate of Medicine in Medical Gastroenterology also known as DM in Medical Gastroenterology is a super specialty level course for doctors in India that is done by them after completion of their postgraduate medical degree course. The duration of this super specialty course is 3 years, and it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of human digestive system-related diseases and problems.
The course is a full-time course pursued at various recognized medical colleges across the country. Some of the top medical colleges offering this course include All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry (JIPMER), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh and more.
Admission to this course is done through the NEET-SS Entrance exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations, followed by counselling based on the scores of the exam that is conducted by DGHS/MCC/State Authorities.
The fee for pursuing DM (Medical Gastroenterology) varies from college to college and may range from Rs. 10000 to Rs. 20 lakhs per year.
After completion of their respective course, doctors can either join the job market or can pursue certificate courses and Fellowship programmes recognized by NMC and NBE. Candidates can take reputed jobs at positions as Senior residents, Consultants, etc. with an approximate salary range of Rs.6 lakhs to Rs. 60 lakhs per year depending upon their expertise.
What is DM in Medical Gastroenterology?
Doctorate of Medicine in Medical Gastroenterology, also known as DM (Medical Gastroenterology) or DM in (Medical Gastroenterology) is a three-year super speciality programme that candidates can pursue after completing the post-graduate degree.
Medical Gastroenterology is the branch of medical science dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of human digestive system-related diseases and problems.
Gastroenterology is the study of the normal function and diseases of the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum, pancreas, gallbladder, bile ducts and liver.
The postgraduate students must gain ample knowledge and experience in the diagnosis, and treatment of patients with acute, serious, and life-threatening medical and surgical diseases.
PG education intends to create specialists who can contribute to high-quality health care and advances in science through research and training.
The required training done by a postgraduate specialist in the field of Medical Gastroenterology would help the specialist to recognize the health needs of the community. The student should be competent to handle medical problems effectively and should be aware of the recent advances in their speciality.
The candidate is also expected to know the principles of research methodology and modes of the consulting library. The candidate should regularly attend conferences, workshops and CMEs to upgrade her/ his knowledge.
Course Highlights
Here are some of the course highlights of DM in Medical Gastroenterology
| Name of Course | DM in Medical Gastroenterology |
| Level | Doctorate |
| Duration of Course | Three years |
| Course Mode | Full Time |
| Minimum Academic Requirement | Candidates must have a postgraduate medical Degree in MD/DNB (General Medicine) obtained from any college/university recognized by the Medical Council of India (Now NMC)/NBE, this feeder qualification mentioned here is as of 2022. For any further changes to the prerequisite requirement please refer to the NBE website |
| Admission Process / Entrance Process / Entrance Modalities | Entrance Exam (NEET-SS) INI CET for various AIIMS, PGIMER Chandigarh, JIPMER Puducherry, NIMHANS Bengaluru Counselling by DGHS/MCC/State Authorities |
| Course Fees | Rs.10,000 to Rs. 20 lakhs per year |
| Average Salary | Rs.6 lakhs to Rs. 60 lakhs per year |
Eligibility Criteria
The eligibility criteria for DM in Medical Gastroenterology are defined as the set of rules or minimum prerequisites that aspirants must meet in order to be eligible for admission, which include:
| Name of DM course | Course Type | Prior Eligibility Requirement |
| Medical Gastroenterology | DM | MD/DNB (General Medicine) |
Note:
· The feeder qualification for DM in Medical Gastroenterology is defined by the NBE and is subject to changes by the NBE.
· The feeder qualification mentioned here is as of 2022.
· For any changes, please refer to the NBE website.
· The candidate must have obtained permanent registration of any State Medical Council to be eligible for admission.
· The medical college's recognition cut-off dates for the Postgraduate Degree courses shall be as prescribed by the Medical Council of India (now NMC).
Admission Process
- The admission process contains a few steps to be followed in order by the candidates for admission to DM in Medical Gastroenterology. Candidates can view the complete admission process for DM in Medical Gastroenterology mentioned below:
- The NEET-SS or National Eligibility Entrance Test for Super speciality courses is a national-level master's level examination conducted by the NBE for admission to DM/MCh/DrNB Courses.
- Qualifying Criteria-Candidates placed at the 50th percentile or above shall be declared as qualified in the NEET-SS in their respective speciality.
- The following Medical institutions are not covered under centralized admissions for DM/ MCh courses through NEET-SS:
- AIIMS, New Delhi and other AIIMS
- PGIMER, Chandigarh
- JIPMER, Puducherry
- NIMHANS, Bengaluru
- Candidates from all eligible feeder speciality subjects shall be required to appear in the question paper of the respective group if they are willing to opt for a super speciality course in any of the super speciality courses covered in that group.
- A candidate can opt for appearing in the question papers of as many groups for which his/her Postgraduate speciality qualification is an eligible feeder qualification.
- By appearing in the question paper of a group and on qualifying for the examination, a candidate shall be eligible to exercise his/her choices in the counselling only for those super speciality subjects covered in the said group for which his/ her broad speciality is an eligible feeder qualification.
Fees Structure
The fee structure for DM in Medical Gastroenterology varies from college to college. The fee is generally less for Government Institutes and more for private institutes. The average fee structure for DM in Medical Gastroenterology is around Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 20 lakhs per year.
Colleges offering DM in Medical Gastroenterology
There are various medical colleges across India that offer courses for pursuing DM in (Medical Gastroenterology).
As per National Medical Commission (NMC) website, the following medical colleges are offering DM in (Medical Gastroenterology) courses for the academic year 2022-23.
| Sl.No. | Course Name | State | Name and Address of | Management of College |
| 1 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Andhra Pradesh | Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam | Govt. |
| 2 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Andhra Pradesh | Guntur Medical College, Guntur | Govt. |
| 3 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Andhra Pradesh | Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool | Govt. |
| 4 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Andhra Pradesh | Narayana Medical College, Nellore | Trust |
| 5 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Assam | Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati | Govt. |
| 6 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Bihar | All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna | Govt. |
| 7 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Bihar | Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences,Sheikhpura, Patna | Govt. |
| 8 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Chandigarh | Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh | Govt. |
| 9 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Delhi | All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi | Govt. |
| 10 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Delhi | G.B. Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi | Govt. |
| 11 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Gujarat | Smt. N.H.L.Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad | Govt. |
| 12 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Haryana | Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research, Mullana, Ambala | Trust |
| 13 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Himachal Pradesh | Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla | Govt. |
| 14 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Jammu & Kashmir | Sher-I-Kashmir Instt. Of Medical Sciences, Srinagar | Govt. |
| 15 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Karnataka | Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum | Trust |
| 16 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Karnataka | JSS Medical College, Mysore | Trust |
| 17 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Karnataka | M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore | Trust |
| 18 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Karnataka | St. Johns Medical College, Bangalore | Trust |
| 19 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Karnataka | Kasturba Medical College, Manipal | Trust |
| 20 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Karnataka | Vydehi Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bangalore | Trust |
| 21 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Kerala | Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Calicut | Govt. |
| 22 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Kerala | Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram | Govt. |
| 23 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Kerala | Government Medical College, Kottayam | Govt. |
| 24 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Kerala | Amrita School of Medicine, Elamkara, Kochi | Trust |
| 25 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Madhya Pradesh | Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Post Graduate Institute, Indore | Trust |
| 26 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Maharashtra | Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Sion, Mumbai | Govt. |
| 27 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Maharashtra | Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai | Govt. |
| 28 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Maharashtra | Seth GS Medical College, and KEM Hospital, Mumbai | Govt. |
| 29 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Maharashtra | Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha | Trust |
| 30 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Maharashtra | Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College, Pune | Trust |
| 31 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Maharashtra | Government Medical College, Nagpur | Govt. |
| 32 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Maharashtra | Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai | Govt. |
| 33 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Orissa | All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar | Govt. |
| 34 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Orissa | Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar | Trust |
| 35 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Orissa | Instt. Of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar | Trust |
| 36 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Orissa | SCB Medical College, Cuttack | Govt. |
| 37 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Pondicherry | Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry | Govt. |
| 38 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Punjab | Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana | Trust |
| 39 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Rajasthan | SMS Medical College, Jaipur | Govt. |
| 40 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Rajasthan | Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer | Govt. |
| 41 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Rajasthan | Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Sitapur, Jaipur | Trust |
| 42 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Rajasthan | National Institute of Medical Science & Research, Jaipur | Trust |
| 43 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Rajasthan | Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Sitapur, Jaipur | Trust |
| 44 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Rajasthan | Dr SN Medical College, Jodhpur | Govt. |
| 45 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Tamil Nadu | Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai | Govt. |
| 46 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Tamil Nadu | Christian Medical College, Vellore | Trust |
| 47 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Tamil Nadu | Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai | Trust |
| 48 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Tamil Nadu | Madras Medical College, Chennai | Govt. |
| 49 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Tamil Nadu | Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Kanchipuram | Trust |
| 50 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Tamil Nadu | Stanley Medical College, Chennai | Govt. |
| 51 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Tamil Nadu | Govt. Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem- 30 | Govt. |
| 52 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Tamil Nadu | Thoothukudi Medical College, Thoothukudi | Govt. |
| 53 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Tamil Nadu | Tirunelveli Medical College,Tirunelveli | Govt. |
| 54 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Tamil Nadu | Madurai Medical College, Madurai | Govt. |
| 55 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Tamil Nadu | Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore | Govt. |
| 56 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Tamil Nadu | Meenakshi Medical College and Research Institute, Enathur | Trust |
| 57 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Tamil Nadu | PSG Institute of Medical Sciences, Coimbatore | Trust |
| 58 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Telangana | Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad | Govt. |
| 59 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Telangana | Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad | Govt. |
| 60 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Uttarakhand | All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh | Govt. |
| 61 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Uttar Pradesh | Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow | Govt. |
| 62 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Uttar Pradesh | Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi | Govt. |
| 63 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Uttar Pradesh | King George Medical University, Lucknow | Govt. |
| 64 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | Uttar Pradesh | Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad | Govt. |
| 65 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | West Bengal | Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata | Govt. |
| 66 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | West Bengal | Govt. Medical College, Kolkata | Govt. |
| 67 | DM - Medical Gastroenterology | West Bengal | RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata | Govt. |
Syllabus
DM in Medical Gastroenterology is a three years specialization course that provides training in the stream of Medical Gastroenterology.
NMC till date as of (12/02/2023) has not defined a Competency-based curriculum for DM Medical Gastroenterology. The syllabus of AIIMS below provides a basic outline of what a DM Medical Gastroenterology candidate has to undergo while training:
At this level of training, the insistence on a syllabus may not be appropriate. Trainees should acquire an overall knowledge of Gastroenterology by reading standard textbooks, monographs and peer-reviewed journals dealing with Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pancreatology and related Basic Sciences and Epidemiology. A core syllabus is given below, but it does not purport to be either comprehensive or restrictive. Furthermore, it is likely to change from time to time.
Recommended Core Syllabus:
Basic Sciences
1. Immune system of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its importance in various GI disorders
2. Molecular biology in relation to GIT
3. Genetic diseases of the GIT and the liver
4. Gene therapy
5. GI tumours and tumour biology
6. Gastrointestinal hormones in health and diseases
7. Embryology of the gut, liver, pancreas and congenital anomalies
Miscellaneous
1. Upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding
2. Gastrointestinal tuberculosis
3. HIV and the GIT, hepatobiliary and pancreatic systems
4. GIT and liver in systemic diseases
5. Cutaneous manifestations of GI diseases
6. Vascular diseases of the GIT
7. Gastrointestinal side effects of drugs especially NSAIDs
8. Gastro-intestinal symptoms physiology and interpretation
Nausea, vomiting
Pain abdomen
Diarrhoea
Constipation
Dysphagia
Jaundice
Esophagus
1. Basic anatomy, histology and physiology
2. Congenital anomalies
3. Motility of the oesophagus and motor disorders
4. Mechanism of deglutition and dysphasia
5. Approach to a patient with dysphasia
6. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease
7. Tumors of the oesophagus
8. Esophageal webs, membranes and diverticulum
9. Management of benign and malignant oesophagal strictures
10. Esophagus and systemic diseases
11. Infectious diseases of the oesophagus
12. Foreign bodies in the oesophagus and stomach
13. Esophageal perforation
14. Drug-induced esophagitis
Stomach
1. Anatomy, histology, functions
2. Physiology of acid and bicarbonate secretion in health and diseases
3. Defence mechanisms against acid and pepsin
4. Gastroduodenal motor function in health and diseases.
5. Gastritis (nonspecific and specific)
6. Helicobacter pylori infection
7. Peptic ulcer
8. Dyspepsia
9. Stress and stomach
10. Gastric hypersecretory states including Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
11. Ulcer complications and their management
12. Surgery for peptic ulcer
13. Post-gastrectomy complication
14. Bezoars
15. Tumors of the stomach
16. Diverticuli and hernia of the stomach
Small Intestine
1. Anatomy, blood supply, histology
2. Motility of the small intestine
3. Congenital anomalies
4. Normal absorption of the nutrients
5. Intestinal electrolyte absorption and secretion
6. Malabsorption syndromes
Pathophysiology, manifestations and approach
7. Celiac sprue
8. Infection-related diseases
a. Intestinal microflora in health and diseases
b. Tropical sprue
c. Whipple’s disease. Infectious diarrhoea and food poisoning
e. Parasitic diseases
9. Small intestinal ulcers
10. Short bowel syndrome and intestinal transplantation.
11. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
12. Food allergies
13. Intestinal obstruction and pseudo-obstruction
14. Short bowel syndrome
15. Acute appendicitis
16. Malrotation of the gut
17. Bezoars
18. Management of diarrhoea
19. GI lymphomas
20. Small intestinal tumours
21. Small intestinal transplantation
Colon
1. Basic anatomy blood supply, histology and functions
2. Motility of the colon and disorders of motility
3. Congenital anomalies
4. Megacolon
5. Constipation
6. Colonic pseudo-obstruction
7. Fecal incontinence
8. Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea
9. Inflammatory bowel disease
a. Ulcerative colitis
b. Crohn’s disease
c. Indeterminate colitis
d. Ileostomies and its management
10. Diverticular disease of the colon
11. Radiation entero-colitis
12. Colonic polyps and polyposis syndromes
13. Malignant diseases of the colon
14. Other inflammatory diseases of the colon including
a. Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
b. Diversion colitis
c. Collagenous and microscopic colitis
d. Non-specific ulcerations of the colon
e. Malakoplakia
f. Pneumatoses cystoids intestinalis
15. Hemorrhoids
16. Diseases of the anorectum
Pancreas
1. Anatomy, physiology, blood supply, developmental anomalies
2. Physiology of the pancreatic secretion
3. Pancreatic function tests
4. Acute pancreatitis
5. Recurrent acute pancreatitis
6. Chronic pancreatitis
7. Malignancies of the pancreas(Exocrine and endocrine)
8. Cystic fibrosis and other childhood disorders of the pancreas
9. Hereditary pancreatitis
10. Pancreatic transplantation
Biliary Tree
1. Anatomy, Physiology
2. Physiology of bile formation and excretion
3. Enterohepatic circulation
4. Bilirubin metabolism.
5. Approach to patients with jaundice
6. Gallstones, their complications, and management
7. Acute acalculous cholecystitis
8. Miscellaneous disorders of the gallbladder
9. Acute cholangitis
10. Benign biliary structure
11. Benign and malignant neoplasms of the biliary system.
12. Endoscopic management of biliary obstruction.
13. Motility and dysmotility of the biliary system and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
14. Congenital diseases of the biliary systems Liver
1. Anatomy, physiology, blood supply
2. Functions of the liver
3. Microcirculation of liver
4. Liver function tests
5. Portal hypertension
i. Extrahepatic portosplenic vein obstruction
ii. Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis
iii. Cirrhosis
6. Acute viral hepatitis
7. Chronic hepatitis
8. Fulminant hepatic failure
9. Subacute hepatic failure
10. Cirrhosis of the liver
11. Ascites
12. Hepatorenal syndrome
13. Autoimmune liver disease
14. Metabolic liver disease
15. Sclerosing cholangitis- primary and secondary
16. Primary biliary cirrhosis
17. Hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction
18. Fibrocystic diseases of the liver
19. Wilson’s disease
20. Hemochromatosis
21. Liver in porphyria
22. Hepatic tumours
23. Infections of the liver
24. Liver in pregnancy
25. Liver in congestive heart failure
26. Liver biopsy
27. Liver transplantation and artificial liver support
Peritorium and Retroperitoneum
1. Ascites
2. Chronic peritonitis
3. Budd-Chiari syndrome
4. Malignant ascites
5. Diseases of the retroperitoneum Nutrition
1. Normal nutritional requirements
2. Assessment of nutritional status
3. Protein-energy malnutrition
4. Manifestations and management of nutritional deficiency and excess
5. Nutritional support in various GI disorders (malabsorption, acute and chronic pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease)
Vascular Diseases of the GI Tract
GI Radiology
Reading and interpreting the common x-ray films including
X-ray films of the abdomen Barium studies, ultrasound examination CT scans, MR scans and angiography and ERCP films
GI Pathology
Reading and interpreting histological slides of common gastrointestinal and liver diseases.
Endoscopic Training
Endoscopic training is an integral part of training in the super speciality of gastroenterology. A trainee is supposed to have knowledge of instruments and their application.
i. Endoscopes
ii. Accessories
iii. Sterilization of endoscopes and accessories
iv. Electrosurgical instrument
v. Keeping of endoscopes and accessories
Career Options
After completing a DM in Medical Gastroenterology, candidates will get employment opportunities in Government as well as in the Private sector.
In the Government sector, candidates have various options to choose from which include Registrar, Senior Resident, Demonstrator, Tutor, etc.
While in the Private sector, the options include Resident Doctor, Consultant, Visiting Consultant (Medical Gastroenterology), Junior Consultant, Senior Consultant (Medical Gastroenterology), and Medical Gastroenterology Specialist.
Courses After DM in Medical Gastroenterology Course
DM in Medical Gastroenterology is a specialization course that can be pursued after finishing a Postgraduate medical course. After pursuing specialization in DM in Medical Gastroenterology, a candidate could also pursue certificate courses and Fellowship programmes recognized by NMC and NBE, where DM in Medical Gastroenterology is a feeder qualification.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) –DM in Medical Gastroenterology Course
- Question: What is the full form of DM?
Answer: The full form of DM is a Doctorate of Medicine.
- Question: What is a DM in Medical Gastroenterology?
Answer: DM Medical Gastroenterology or Doctorate of Medicine in Medical Gastroenterology also known as DM in Medical Gastroenterology is a super specialty level course for doctors in India that is done by them after completion of their postgraduate medical degree course.
- Question: What is the duration of a DM in Medical Gastroenterology?
Answer: DM in Medical Gastroenterology is a super-speciality programme of three years.
- Question: What is the eligibility of a DM in Medical Gastroenterology?
Answer: The candidate must have a postgraduate medical Degree in MD/DNB (General Medicine) obtained from any college/university recognized by the Medical Council of India (Now NMC)/NBE, this feeder qualification mentioned here is as of 2022. For any further changes to the prerequisite requirement please refer to the NBE website.
- Question: What is the scope of a DM in Medical Gastroenterology?
Answer: DM in Medical Gastroenterology offers candidates various employment opportunities and career prospects.
- Question: What is the average salary for a DM in Medical Gastroenterology candidate?
Answer: The DM in Medical Gastroenterology candidate's average salary is between Rs. 6 lakhs to Rs. 60 lakhs per year depending on the experience.
- Question: Can you teach after completing DM Course?
Answer: Yes, the candidate can teach in a medical college/hospital after completing the DM course.
Disclaimer: This website is primarily for healthcare professionals. The content here does not replace medical advice and should not be used as medical, diagnostic, endorsement, treatment, or prescription advice. Medical science evolves rapidly, and we strive to keep our information current. If you find any discrepancies, please contact us at corrections@medicaldialogues.in. Read our Correction Policy here. Nothing here should be used as a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. We do not endorse any healthcare advice that contradicts a physician's guidance. Use of this site is subject to our Terms of Use, Privacy Policy, and Advertisement Policy. For more details, read our Full Disclaimer here.
NOTE: Join us in combating medical misinformation. If you encounter a questionable health, medical, or medical education claim, email us at factcheck@medicaldialogues.in for evaluation.