Doctor of Hospital Administration (MD): Admission, Medical Colleges, Fees, Syllabus details here
MD Hospital Administration or Doctor of Hospital Administration is a Postgraduate level course for doctors in India that is done by them after completion of their MBBS. The duration of this postgraduate course is 3 years, and it focuses on the study of various concepts related to the field of overseeing the organizational side of health services.
The course is a full-time course pursued at various recognized medical colleges across the country. Some of the top medical colleges offering this course include Kasturba Medical College ( Manipal), JSS Medical College (Mysore), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (Bhubaneswar), and more.
Admission to this course is done through the NEET PG Entrance exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations, followed by counseling based on the scores of the exam that is conducted by DGHS/MCC/State Authorities.
The fee for pursuing an MD (Hospital Administration) varies from college to college and is about Rs. ₹ 6876 – Rs. 10 lakhs per year.
After completion of their respective course, doctors can either join the job market or pursue a super-specialization course where MD Hospital Administration is a feeder qualification. Candidates can take reputed jobs in positions as Senior residents, Junior Consultants, Consultants, etc. with an approximate salary range of Rs. 0.5 Lakh – Rs. 15 lakh per annum.
What is MD in Hospital Administration?
Doctor of Medicine in Hospital Administration, also known as M.D. (Hospital Administration) is a three-year postgraduate programme that candidates can pursue after completing MBBS.
Doctor of Medicine in Hospital Administration, also known as M.D. (Hospital Administration) is a three-year postgraduate programme that candidates can pursue after completing MBBS.
Hospital Administration is the branch of medical science dealing with the managerial responsibilities in a hospital ensuring to provide most effective patient care.
National Medical Commission (NMC), the apex medical regulator, has released a Guidelines for Competency-Based Postgraduate Training Programme for MD in Hospital Administration.
The Competency-Based Postgraduate Training Programme governs the education and training of MDs in Hospital Administration.
The PG education intends to create specialists who can contribute to high-quality health care and advances in science through research and training.
The required training done by a postgraduate specialist in the field of Hospital Administration would help the specialist recognize the community's health needs. The student should be competent to handle medical problems effectively and should be aware of the recent advances in their specialty.
The candidate should be a highly competent doctor possessing a broad range of skills that will enable her/him to practice Hospital Administration independently. The PG candidate should also acquire the basic skills in teaching medical/para-medical students.
The candidate is also expected to know the principles of research methodology and modes of the consulting library. The candidate should regularly attend conferences, workshops, and CMEs to upgrade her/ his knowledge.
Course Highlights
Here are some of the course highlights of MD in Hospital Administration:
| Name of Course | MD Hospital Administration |
| Level | Postgraduate |
| Duration of Course | Three years |
| Course Mode | Full Time |
| Minimum Academic Requirement | MBBS degree obtained from any college/university recognized by the Medical Council of India |
| Admission Process / Entrance Process / Entrance Modalities | Entrance Exam (NEET PG) INI CET for various AIIMS, PGIMER Chandigarh, JIPMER Puducherry, NIMHANS Bengaluru Counselling by DGHS/MCC/State Authorities |
| Course Fees | Rs.6876 – Rs. 10 lakhs per year. |
| Average Salary | Rs. 0.5 Lakh – Rs. 15 lakh per annum |
Eligibility Criteria
The eligibility criteria for MD in Hospital Administration are defined as the set of rules or minimum prerequisites that aspirants must meet in order to be eligible for admission, which include:
- Candidates must be in possession of an undergraduate MBBS degree from any college/university recognized by the Medical Council of India (MCI).
- Candidates should have done a compulsory rotating internship of one year in a teaching institution or other institution which is recognized by the Medical Council of India (MCI).
- The candidate must have obtained permanent registration of any State Medical Council to be eligible for admission.
- The medical college's recognition cut-off dates for the MBBS Degree courses and compulsory rotatory Internship shall be as prescribed by the Medical Council of India (now NMC).
Admission Process
The admission process contains a few steps to be followed in order by the candidates for admission to MD in Hospital Administration. Candidates can view the complete admission process for MD in Hospital Administration mentioned below:
The NEET PG or National Eligibility Entrance Test for Post Graduate is a national-level master's level examination conducted by the NBE for admission to MD/MS/PG Diploma Courses.
The requirement of eligibility criteria for participation in counseling towards PG seat allotment conducted by the concerned counseling authority shall be in lieu of the Post Graduate Medical Education Regulations (as per the latest amendment) notified by the MCI (now NMC) with prior approval of MoHFW.
| S.No. | Category | Eligibility Criteria |
| 1. | General | 50th Percentile |
| 2. | SC/ST/OBC (Including PWD of SC/ST/OBC) | 40th Percentile |
| 3. | UR PWD | 45th Percentile |
- The following Medical institutions are not covered under centralized admissions for MD/MS seats through NEET- PG:
1. AIIMS, New Delhi, and other AIIMS
2. PGIMER, Chandigarh
3. JIPMER, Puducherry
4. NIMHANS, Bengaluru
5. Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum
Fees Structure
The fee structure for MD in Hospital Administration varies from college to college. The fee is generally less for Government Institutes and more for private institutes. The average fee structure for MD in Hospital Administration is around Rs. ₹ 6876 – Rs. 10 lakhs per year.
Colleges offering MD in Hospital Administration
Various medical colleges across India offer courses for pursuing MD (Hospital Administration).
As per National Medical Commission (NMC) website, the following medical colleges are offering MD (Hospital Administration) courses for the academic year 2022-23.
| Sl.No. | Select a State | Name and Address of Medical College / Medical Institution | Seats |
| 1 | Andhra Pradesh | Narayana Medical College, Nellore | 6 |
| 2 | Jammu & Kashmir | Sher-I-Kashmir Instt. Of Medical Sciences, Srinagar | 4 |
| 3 | Karnataka | M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore | 2 |
| 4 | Karnataka | Kasturba Medical College, Manipal | 3 |
| 5 | Karnataka | SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad | 3 |
| 6 | Karnataka | JSS Medical College, Mysore | 2 |
| 7 | Karnataka | Vydehi Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bangalore | 3 |
| 8 | Madhya Pradesh | All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal | 2 |
| 9 | Maharashtra | Armed Forces Medical College, Pune | 8 |
| 10 | Orissa | All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar | 2 |
| 11 | Rajasthan | Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Sitapur, Jaipur | 2 |
| 12 | Telangana | Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad | 5 |
| 13 | Telangana | Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad | 3 |
| 14 | Telangana | Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally | 2 |
| 15 | Uttarakhand | All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh | 4 |
| 16 | Uttar Pradesh | King George Medical University, Lucknow | 2 |
The stipend offered by various medical colleges in India for MD Hospital Administration for the year 2022 is as follows:
| State | College Name | Course | Stipend Amount |
| Karnataka | JSS Medical College, Mysore | MD - Hospital Administration | 45000 |
| Karnataka | Kasturba Medical College, Manipal | MD - Hospital Administration | 45000 |
| Karnataka | M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore | MD - Hospital Administration | 45000 |
| Karnataka | SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad | MD - Hospital Administration | 45000 |
| Maharashtra | Armed Forces Medical College, Pune | MD - Hospital Administration | 63561 |
| Rajasthan | Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Sitapur, Jaipur | MD - Hospital Administration | 55200 |
| Telangana | Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad | MD - Hospital Administration | 50686 |
| Telangana | Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad | MD - Hospital Administration | 99969 |
| Uttar Pradesh | King George Medical University, Lucknow | MD - Hospital Administration | 109955 |
An MD in Hospital Administration is a three years specialization course that provides training in the stream of Hospital Administration.
The course content for MD in Hospital Administration is given in the Competency-Based Postgraduate Training Programme released by National Medical Commission, which can be assessed on the link given below:I. PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
Module I - General Administration (GA)
GA 1. General Management
GA 2. Human Resource Management
GA 3. Materials Management in a Hospital
GA 4. Basic Accounting
GA 5. Financial Management
GA 6. Cost Accounting
GA 7. Organizational behaviour
GA 8. Marketing Services
GA 9. Information Systems
GA 10. Business Law and Regulations
Module II - Health Administration (HE)
HE 1. Medical Sociology
HE 2. Health Economics
HE 3. Health Administration in India
HE 4. Medical Care Systems
HE 5. Biostatistics
HE 6. Research Methodology
HE 7. National Health Programmes
HE 8. Epidemiology - General
HE 9. Health Information Systems
HE 10. Legal Aspects of Health Care
HE 11. International Health
HE 12. Community Health Administration
Module III - Hospital Administration & Hospital Planning (HA)
HA 1. Hospital Organisations HA 2. Hospital Planning
HA 3. Nursing Service Administration HA 4. Quality Assurance
HA 5. Legal Aspects of Hospitals. HA 6. Human Relation in Hospitals
HA 7. Hospital Hazards including Disaster Management and Fire-Safety managament HA 8. Biomedical Waste Management
HA 9. Equipment Management HA 10. Recent Trends
Module IV - Administration of Clinical & Non-Clinical Services (AS)
AS 1. Hospital Planning - General consideration
AS 2. Organization & administration of clinical services.
AS 3. Organization & Administration of Supportive & Utility Services. AS 4. Project Management and related case studies
II. Course Contents
Module I: General Administration (GA)
GA.l: Management Principles: General Management
- Introduction
- Definition
- Characteristics of Management
- Management - A Profession
- Principles of Management
- Management and Administration
- Evolution of the management theory: Traditional Versus Modern
- Management as a behavioral Science
- Functions of Management
- Principles of Scientific Management
- Modern Management - Systems Approach.
Managerial Planning:
- Introduction
- Nature of Planning
- Objectives of Planning
- Limitations of Planning
- Process of Planning
- Types of Planning
- Strategies of Planning
- Policies
- Rules
- Procedures
- Programmes
- Budgets
Mechanics and Dynamics of Organising:
- Process of Organising
- Principles of Organising
- Formal and Informal Organisation
- Span of Control
- Line and Staff Authority Relationship
- Line Organisation
- Line and Staff Organisation
- Functional Organisation
- Need of Flexibility in an Organisation
Authority & Delegation:
- Introduction
- Authority defined
- Bases of Authority
- Modern Context
- Types of Organizational Authority
- Delegation
- Barriers of Delegation
- Encouraging Delegation
- Conclusion
Direction & Leadership:
- Importance of Direction
- Principles of Direction
- Element of Direction
- Leadership
- Nature of leadership
- Leadership and Management
- Leadership Styles
- Leadership as a Continuum
- Functions of Leadership
- Importance of Leadership
- Theories of Leadership
- Qualities of a Good Leader
Management Control:
- Process of Controlling
- Requirement of Adequate Control
- Significance of Control
- Techniques of Managerial Control
- Traditional Techniques
- Budgetary Control
- Non budgetary Control
- Modern Control or Network Techniques
- PERT (Programme Evaluation & Review Technique)
- CPM (Critical Path Method)
MBO:
- Introduction
- Objectives
- Key Result Areas (KRA)
- Top Man's commitment
- Conclusion
Communication
- Introduction
- What is communication
- Basic concepts
- Types of communication
- Major problems in communication
- Barriers of communication
- Principles of good communication
- The manager and the communication network
Tools and Techniques of Modern Management:
- Introduction
- Application of newer management techniques for health care
- Methods of modern management techniques
Operational Research:
- Concepts
- Techniques
- Applications of OR techniques in Hospital
- Simplex Method
- Transportation Method
- Simulation models
- Queing theory
- Inventory Control
- Definition of operational research (OR)
- Techniques of applying modern mathematical model
Office procedures
- Definition of office
- Drafting official letters
- Office procedures
- Service rules and procedure
- Conduct rules
- Disciplinary proceedings
- Conclusion
GA. 2: Human Resources Management Personnel Management in Hospitals:
- Definition and importance
- Needs of employees
- Essence of personnel management
- Policies
- Elements of personnel programme
- Need for continued evaluation
- Conclusion
Man Power Planning:
- Introduction
- Importance of manpower planning
- Types of planning
- Methods and factors involved in planning
- Manpower control and review
- Manpower management
- Practice in India
- Limitations of manpower planning
- Conclusions
Industrial Relations:
- Introduction
- Evaluation of Industrial Relations
- Definition, scope and disputes of industrial relations
- Scope and aspects of industrial relations
- Objectives of industrial relations
- Causes of dispute
- Trade Unions
- Functions of Trade Unions in India
- Approach to Industrial relations
- Scope of the Industrial Relations Functions
- Functional requirement of successful industrial relation programme
- Organs of industrial peace
- Industrial relations in health services industries
- Reasons why health care employees join union
- Industrial laws relating to the hospitals in India
- Role of the administration in labour relations
Wage fixation and negotiation techniques:
- Individual bargaining
- Formalized machinery
- Collective bargaining
- Requisites for collective bargaining
- Position in India
- Joint negotiating committee
- Limitations of collective bargaining
- Statutory methods of wage fixation
- Some important judicial findings
- Conciliation Officers
- Wage Board
- Industrial courts, industrial tribunals and national tribunals.
Employees Welfare:
- Introduction
- Differences between wages and fringe benefits
- Benefits and services
- Objectives of fringe benefits
- Theory of individual protection
- Factors influencing employees benefit and services
- Coverage of benefits
- Classification
- Employee services
- Problems raised by benefit programme
- Stress Management
- Safety in hospitals
- Grievance redressal, occupational
Performance Appraisal:
- Introduction
- Meaning and purpose of appraisal
- Methods of appraisal
- MBO approach to appraisal
- Layout of a model proforma
- Conclusion
Counseling:
- Introduction
- Counseling for H.R.D.
- Situations demanding counseling
- Structural requirements
- Counseling as a process
- Skill for counseling
- Conclusions
- Human relation
- Absenteeism in hospitals
GA. 3: Materials Management In Hospitals
- Equipments, planning, procuring, storing and dispensing including maintenance.
- Concept of stores
- Importance of stores in the hospitals
- Storing
- Types of stores - medical, surgical, linen, general
- Supply and replacement of stock
- Cardex systems and use of bin cards
- Stock verification
- Control of pilferage
- Inventory control - meaning, scope, definition
- ABC/VED Analysis
- Economic order quantity
- Lead time
- Safety stock
- Quality cntrol over supplies
- Purchase controls
- Pricing - rate contract, tendering
- Purchase of capital equipments
- Purchase verses leasing
- Import policies, procedures
- Customs and excise and exemptions
- Letter of credit
- Maintenance of equipments, plants, property
- Preventive maintenance, repair
- Maintenance contract
- Store audit
- Materials planning
- Disposal of unserviceable articles
- Price forecasting
- Inspection
- Dispensing/distribution
- Condemnation
GA.4: Basic Accounting
- Principles of Book keeping
- Accounting concepts
- Importance and scope of financial accounting
- Books of accounts, accounting entries
- Cash and accrual accounting, revenue and capital Expenditure
- Income and expenditure accounts
- Trial balance
- Operation of bank accounts, bank reconciliation
- Preparation of final accounts with adjustments for positions
- Issues in the determination of income
- Depreciation
- Inventory valuation
- Audit of final accounts of companies
- Analysis and interpretation of financial statement
GA.5: Financial Management
- Functions of finance
- Management of current assets
- Dividend decisions
- Concept in taxation of income
- Internal control and internal audit
- Budgeting and control - budget for revenues, inpatient revenue, special service revenue, cash budgets, capital reporting income and financial expenditure budgets
- Forecasting
- Financial information system
- Short term and long term financing
- Issue of shares, debenture bonds
- Convertible debentures
- Loan from commercial, industrial banks
- Lease financing
Structures:
- Concepts of financial management and their application in hospitals.
- Trends in financing of health and hospital services
- Sources of financing
- Resource mobilization and preparing proposals for financing
- Capital investment analysis
- Capital finance decisions
- Allocation of resources
- Capital and operating expenditure
- Budgeting and control - Budget for revenues, inpatient revenue, special service revenue, cash budgets, capital expenditure budget, techniques of analysis, budgeting process, forecasting and planning for bed-need and other facilities.
GA. 6: Cost Accounting
- Introduction to cost systems
- Resources, cost centres, products
- Systems for operational control and performance measurement
- Activity based cost systems in service functions
- Activity based cost systems to influence behaviour
- Hospital rate setting
- Break even analysis
Structures:
- Cost of health care
- Costing of the hospital services
- Hospital financial management
- Hospital financing
- Resource generation
- Cost containment
- Role of gate keeping in hospital
- Impact of finances on the high technology medical - Health economics equipment decision
- Decentralisation of financial resources
GA.7: Organizational Behaviour
- Basics of sociology.
- Basics of anthropology Basics of Psychology
- Concepts and issues
- Application of behavioural sciences concepts in hospitals
- Dynamics of organizational behaviour
- Human behaviour
- Formal and informal groups
- Motivation process Motivation:
- Meaning
- Process of motivation
- Importance of motivation
- Principles
- Techniques
- Importance of behavioural sciences and Sound motivation system
- Theories of motivation
- Maslows need hierarchy theory
- Herzburg' s two factor theory
- McGregor's theory X and theory Y
- Morale
- Joharry window
- Briggs-Myers scale of personality test
- Personality assessment tests
- Team building skills
- Concepts of political sciences
- Machivilien principles vis-a-vis Hippocratic oath
- Organizational climate and design
- Conflict management
- Organizational dynamics and change
- Stress management
- Organizational Development (OD) - concept, objectives and goals, process, behavioural science approach to O.D
- Team building
- OB Labs
GA. 8: Marketing Management
Meaning and importance of marketing
- Marketing concept and issues - nature, importance, purpose policy
- Business cycle
- Marketing strategies
- Strategies evaluation and control
- Marketing management principles
- Marketing information and research
- Source of marketing information
- Measurement and scaling
- Environment analysis and research
- Marketing research
- Consumer analysis-
- Planning a marketing mix of hospital services
- Service Pricing policy and professional fee
- Demand analysis, cost analysis, competitive analysis
- Promotion of hospitals services-advertising etc
- Marketing of health service
- Developing new services
- Customer relationship management (CRM)
- Public relations in hospitals
- Social marketing
- Patient satisfaction
- Marketing ethics
- Privatisation of health and hospital services
GA.9: Information Systems Management
Fundamentals of Computers
- Input to computer
- Storage Devices
- Central Processing Unit
- Computer Output
Data Communication and Networks
- Electronic Mail
- Data Communication
- Local Area Networks
- Wide Area Networks Systems Software
- Microsoft Disk Operating System - Compilers
- Interpreters
- Windows Application Software
- Word Processing
- Electronic spread sheet
- Database Management software
- Graphics
Basics of Programming
- Programming Languages
- Flow Charts
- Structural Programming
Computer Applications
– Hospital Information Systems
- Office Automation
– Decision Support Systems
– Expert Systems
– Multimedia
– Microsoft office (Microsoft word, excel, power point, one point), Internet,
– Searching scientific databases (e.g. Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane reviews).
Image Archiving
- Computer Applications in Medicine
- Desk Top Publishing Computer Resources Management
- Planning for Computerization.
- Selection of computers.
- Selection of Software packages
- Computer manpower
- Uninterrupted Power Supply for Computers - Protection from Computer Viruses
- Computer Maintenance
Introductory concepts of System Analysis and Design
GA.l0: Business Law & Regulations
- Law of contracts
- Special contracts
- Sale of goods act
- Types and characters of negotiable instruments
- Companies act
- MRTP, Monopolies, restrictive and unfair trade practices
- Pollution control
Module -II: Health Administration (HE) HE.1: Medical Sociology
- Introduction to Sociology of Health (Medical Sociology) Branches of Medical Sociology.
- Sociological perspectives of Health, illness and Healing.
- Culture, Health and illness
- Sick role behaviour
- Illness behaviour
Psychosocial models of illness behaviour.
- The profession of Healing (a phenomenological approach)
Doctor-patient interaction
Making of a Health Care Professional
- The institutional perspective.
- Dynamics of institutional behaviour.
- Hospital as an institution
- Medicine as an institution
- Medicine as an institution of Social Control.
- Organizational perspective
- Organizational culture
- Case study of organisations.
- Health and illness (a philosophical perspective) - Alternatives for the future
- Social issues and health
- Doctor patient relation
HE. 2: Health Economics:
- Basic economics
- Analysis of Demand and supply.
- nature of demand of hospital services and its determinants
- Economic aspects of health care in India.
- Budgets of central & state Governments.
- Health insurance in India-schemes and TPA's,, health insurance in other parts of the world, evolution of DRGs and its prerequisites.
- Concept of managed care
HE.3: Health Administration In India:
- Health in Indian constitution.
- General introduction to organisation of health services in India - Central, State, Defense, Railways & other public sector undertakings and voluntary health agencies.
- Evolution of corporate hospitals.
- Review of Reports on Health Care:
Bhore Committee, Mudaliar Committee, Jain Committee, Mukherjee Committee, Rao Committee, Kartar Singh Committee and Srivastava Committee reports.
- Five year plans with special reference to health plans.
- National health policy.
HE.4: Medical Care System:
- Need and Demand for Medical Care
- Availability and cost of Medical Care
- Study of the entire hospital and medical care system of the country in the context of the overall community health service
- Primary care
- Rural Medical Care
- Urban Medical Care
- Medical care system in Metropolitan cities
- Relationship of the medical care provided by hospitals with medical care services that are provided through dispensaries and primary health centres. Study of the Administration of Health Insurance Schemes like C.G.H.S. and E.S.I., Social security measures
- Medical Care System in other countries which should include health care delivery system, types of hospitals, cost of care, accreditation of hospitals system of levying charges and health insurance schemes in other developing countries.
- Quality of Medical Care - Medical Audit
- Progressive patient care
- Organisation and administration of better medical care
- Indigenous system of Medical Care
- Alternative health Strategy
- Comprehensive Health Projects with rural development
- Regionalisation - Organisation and functioning
- Rehabilitation
- International organisations related to health services
HE. 5: Biostatistics and Health Statistics:
- Basic concepts - Introduction, definitions
- Elementary ideas
- Basis of Medical Research
- Presentation of data
- Frequency distribution
- Measurements of central tendency Mean, Median, Mode.
- Measurement of dispersion-mean and standard deviation,
- Sampling.
- Testing of hypothesis.
- Tests of significance, Normal test, "t" test asquare test
- Fisher's exact test, Non-parametric tests of significance, One-way and two-way analysis of variance, Multivariate analysis, Survival analysis-log rank test, Relative risk calculation – Odd's ratio, familiarity with commonly used statistical software.
HE. 6: Research Methodology:
- Introduction
- Planning a research project and selecting a research problem, Research Design
- Bibliographical data.
- Field data.
- The schedule & questionnaire.
- The interview.
- Observations - unstructured & structured.
- The case study.
- Measurement & analysis of data.
- Interpretation and report writing.
HE. 7: National Health Programmes:
Control of communicable diseases:
- Leprosy
- Malaria
- T.B.
- polio
- Helminthiasis
- Filaria
- Trachoma
- S.T. Diseases
- Cholera
- AIDS, diabetes, Cancer control programmes, RNTCP
- Family Welfare
- Immunization
- Family Welfare
- MCH/RCH
- National Rural Health Mission
HE. 8: Epidemiology:
- Evaluation and uses of epidemiology
- Definitions and terminology
- Natural history of disease and role of hospital in various levels of prevention
- Types of epidemiology
- Methods of epidemiological studies
- Socio-economic status and occupation as determinant in disease distribution
- Cause and effect relationship
- Age as variable in epidemiology
- Epidemiology of an acute infectious disease (Cholera)
- Epidemiology of a chronic disease (Rheumatic Heart Disease)
- Epidemiology of a non disease entity (accidents)
- Epidemiology of hospital infection
- How to investigate an epidemic and role of the hospital in its control
- Common diseases in India - their epidemiology and prevention
- Common causes of disability resulting in dependency and non productivity - Screening and surveys
- Concept of Health indicators
HE. 9: Health Statistics:
- Need for health statistics
- Methods of registration - fallacies and difficulties and model and sample registration scheme
- Common rates and ratios in India
- Incidence and Prevalence rates
- Morbidity Statistics - problems of measurement, sources of morbidity and morbidity surveys
- Health reports
- ICD
- Notifiable diseases
- Health Management Information Systems
- ational Health Accounts
HE.10: Legal Aspects of Health Care:
- Laws relating to communicable diseases
- International Health Regulations
- Notifiable diseases
- Vaccination certificates
- AIDS Bill.
- Environmental Protection Act
- Occupational Hazards
- Food and drug laws
- Law relating to vital events - central births and death registration act
- Mental health bill
- CPA, Industrial Laws
- Labour Laws
- Ethical issues in healthcare
HE.11. Community Health Administration
- Concept in Community Health
- Health for All and Primary Health Care
- Basics of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- Occupational Health
- Health Insurance
HE.12. International Health
- International Health agencies / NGOs
- International Health Regulations
Module - III : Hospital Administration & Hospital Planning (HA) HA.1.Hospital Administration:
- Introduction to the hospital field
- Definitions - hospitals and medical care institution, types, control
- Functions - Medical Care, Prevention, Professional education and Research - Role of hospital in Health Spectrum
- History and Development of Hospitals
- Hospitals of India today
- Number, Type, Size, Distribution, Ownership, Utilization Ratios, Trends, Problems Features and distinction between Govt., Corporate, Private, Voluntary and Public Undertaking hospitals
Management of a hospital
- Responsibilities
- Hospital Organisation: Organizational Structure
- The Governing Authority
- The Administrator
- Clinical Aspects
- Channels of authority and communication
- Different models of organizational structures in various types of hospitals
- Merits and Demerits of different models
- Job description of various positions
- Chain of authority, authority responsibility and operational relationship between various positions.
- The Hospital Administrator:
- Qualification
- Responsibilities
- Authority Relationship
- Motivation
- Role
- Functions
- Medical Director v/s Chief Executive. Job description and operational relationship.
Medical v/s Non Medical Administrator.
Specialized Hospitals:
- Chronic diseases hospital
- Cancer hospital
- Infectious disease hospital
- Psychiatric hospital
- Ayurvedic hospital
- Children' hospital
- Maternity hospital
- Geriatric hospital
- Problems of hospital administration
- Case Method Study of Hospital Problems
- Nursing Problems in Hospital
- Human relations in Hospital
- Importance of public understanding and support Techniques of Public Relationships
- Health Education in Hospital-responsibilities of the hospital to the general public,
Methods of health education in Hospital and their importance
- Hospital Hazards and Fire Safety
- Disaster programmes
- Administration of a teaching hospital, special problems
- Administration of a voluntary hospital including private nursing homes
- Administration of a General Hospital, District Hospital, Taluk Hospital and Municipal Hospital
- Recent trends in hospital administration
- Training of medical manpower in hospitals
- Administrative & Biosocial Researches in hospitals - Hospital Management Information System
- Hospital Statistics
- Evaluation of hospital care and methods of evaluation
HA.2: HOSPITAL PLANNING:
General Introduction:
- Community Diagnosis
- Planning of the hospital in general:
- What to build, where to build and how to build
- Bed allotment
Hospital Planning - Role of Hospital Consultant:
- Strategic planning
- Project conceptualisation
- Enumeration and description of project as an entity: laws/legalties associated with setting up of hospitals
- Space programming
- Adjoincy delineation
- Functional requirements
- Preparing architects briefs
- Operations planning
- Human resource planning
- Equipment planning
- Functional zoning of hospital building
- External and internal traffic inside the campus
- Internal functional layout
- Functional specific input for structural design
- Rodent and pest control for hospital building
- Hospital furniture planning
- Computer networking in hospital building
- Communication and P.A. system in hospital building.
Role of the Architect:
In the planning stages, preliminary sketches, final plans, working drawing, specifications, cost estimates, construction problems and contract modifications
Site Survey:
Physical environment, possibility for expansion utilities water, electricity, sewer lines, telephone, transportation and others.
Hospital Buildings:
- External Architectural aspects
- Internal arrangements
- External services
- Residential accommodation
- Hospital hygiene - importance thereof
- Hospital lighting
- Ventilation
- Planning of individual services and departments
- Landscaping in hospitals
- Role of administrator in building a hospital
- Processing a hospital project
Planning of specific hospitals:
- 1000 bed hospital teaching or general
- 200 bed hospital
500 bed hospital (district level)
- Other specialized hospitals
- day care centre
- trauma centres
- Taking over and commissioning a new hospital
- Alteration and additions in an existing hospital
Planning the maintenance department:
- Engineers Office
- Workshop of various types
- Repair and Maintenance schedule
Preparing equipment list for the new hospital:
- Built in equipment
- Non expendable, locally available or to be Imported
- Expendable equipment
Medical Equipment Plans
- Need identification
- Enumeration, description and specification of each equipment
- Market Survey
- Tender Notification
- Short listing of suppliers
- Technical evaluation of equipment
- Negotiation
- Purchase
- Installation and Commissioning
- After sales maintenance Mechanical services in hospitals: Lifts, boilers, incinerators, A.C. plants etc.
- Utility items in hospitals.
Hospital planning and indigenous system of medicine
HA.3: Nursing Service Administration:
- Nursing profession
- Definition and Classification
- Professional & Hierarchical classification
- Nursing Education Scenario
Job description of nurses at various levels and various Departments
- Nursing Organisation structure
- National, State Hospitals and Community levels.
- Nurses and doctors relationship
- Nurses and patients relationship
- Nurse as a social and professional entity
- Staffing norms in various types of hospitals and different departments - Service condition of hospital
- Recent trends in nursing profession and nursing practices
HA.4: Quality in Hospital Services
- Medical audit and evaluation of health care
- Quality concept
- Quality assurance in various hospital services, medical
- Verifiable standards and parameters in evaluation of quality
- Evaluation as a tool of quality assurance programmes
- Legislation, certification, grading, accreditation
- Accreditation process and bodies offering accreditation
- Concept of concurrent evaluation
- Cyclic evaluation
- Terminal evaluation
HA.5: Legal Aspects of Hospitals:
- Introduction of hospital as an Industry
- Similarities and distinction between production industry and hospitals
- The comparative similarities and distinctive features between workers (workforce) in production industry and hospital. – Medico-legal procedure requirements and patient care conflict - Broad introduction to medical jurisprudence. Consent.
Negligence, Law of Torts
- Legal position regarding patient confidentiality and ownership of medical records.
- Laws and regulations applicable to hospitals
- Labour Laws
- Workman Compensation Act, 1923
- Minimum Wages Act, 1948
- Delhi Nursing Home Registration Act, 1953 (& similar state laws)
- Employees State Insurance Act, 1948
- Essential Services Maintenance Act, 1968
- Court procedure and attendance in court
- Settlement of Disputes
- BARC Guidelines
- Emergency services in hospital – Supreme Court guidelines
- Permits and Licences in hospitals
- Pre Conception Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994
- Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971
- Transplantation of Human Organs & Tissues Act, 1994
- Environmental Protection Act, 1986
- Clinical Establishment Act, 2010
- Case law on Medical Negligence – British & Indian
- Consideration of complaints for professional misconduct by State Medical Council & medical Council of India
- Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 11940
- Mental Health Act, 1987
HA.6: Human Relation in Hospitals
- Public Relations and hospital
- Training of medical and paramedical manpower in hospitals
- Interpersonal relationship
- Conflict management
HA.7: Hospital Hazards Including Disaster Management
- General Safety
- Fire Safety
- Hospital Hygiene
- Hospital Acquired infection
- Definition, types
- Components of Disaster plan – Pre hospital and hospital
- Disaster preparedness
- Disaster plan formulation and implementation
HA.8: Biomedical Waste Management
- BMW management and handling rule
- Segregation
- Collection
- Transportation
- Disposal
- Modern technology for handling BMW
- Radioactive waste handling
HA.9: Equipment Management
- Demand estimation
- Strategies of Hospital Equipment Planning and Selection
- Purchase procedure
- Installation and commissioning
- Hospital Equipment Utilization and Audit and Maintenance
- Quality control in equipment planning
HA.10: Recent Trends
- Recent trends in hospital administration
- Challenges to administrators
- Reengineering
- Outsourcing
- Telemedicine
- Artificial intelligence
- Accreditation
- Recent trends in nursing profession and nursing practices
- Medical Tourism
MODULE- IV: Administration of Clinical Services (AS) AS 1: Hospital Planning and General Consideration
Changing system of Health Services concepts in planning, designing and space
Site surveys for planning a hospital
Hospital buildings - an overview
External architectural aspects
Internal arrangements
Hospital Hygiene
Lighting and Ventilation
Role of administrator in building a hospital
AS2: Organisation and Administration of Clinical Services:
- Outpatient Department
- Medical Services (including STD, Leprosy &
- Chest Diseases)
- Surgical services (Orthopaedics, reconstructive, Urology, Cardiothoracic, Eye & ENT)
- Operating Department
- Paediatric Services
- Dental Services and Maxillofacial surgery
- Psychiatric Services
- Radiological and other imaging services
- Casualty and Emergency Services
- Hospital Laboratory Services
- Anaesthesia Services
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology services including IVC
- Neurosurgery Services
- Neurology Services
- Pediatric Surgery services
- Intensive care unit
- Acute cardiac care Unit
- Special clinics
- Cardio-respiratory services
- Gastroenterology services
- Endocrinology services
- Nuclear Medicine Department including PET and other developments
- Physical Medicine Department
- Burns, Paraplegic and Malignant Diseases Treatment Centre
- Nephrology Services
- Renal dialysis unit
- Trauma services
- Radio-Imaging (MRI, CT)
- Cardiac Cath Lab
AS. 3: Organisation and Administration of Supportive and Utility Services
- Enquiry, Registration
- Admission Office
- Transfer to other hospitals including Sanatoria
- Medical Superintendent's Office, Reports and Returns, Medical Boards, Entitlement of treatment, filing and book keeping
- Hospital standing orders
- Hospital welfare service including canteen stores
- Indian Red Cross Society and Hospitals
- Ward management
- Medical Stores and Pharmacy Services
- Pharmacy & Drug and Cosmetics Act
- Manufacturing in hospitals
- Blood Bank and Transfusion services
- Central Sterile Supply department (C.S.S.D.)
- Oxygen Manifold/Concentrator
- Hospital Risk Management
- Dietary Services
- Hospital Laundry
- Hospital gardens
- Medical Records
- Death in hospital: Brought in dead
- Fatal documents
- Mortuary
- Maintenance and repair including sophisticated equipments
- Pest and Rodent Control
- Inspection, Medical Superintendent's rounds
- Purchase Dept
House Keeping Services
Hospital Engineering Services Hospital maintenance services
Hospital Stores
Medical Records, Admission, enquiry and registration
Hospital establishment and offices
Cafeteria services
Welfare services
Mortuary
Transportation in hospital:
- Intramural
- Extramural
- Staff, Patient, Visitors, Vendors
- Administrative measures for control of Hospital Infection
- Exit interview & discharge procedure
AS4: Project Management
- Feasibility study
- Project conceptualization
- Functional requirements
- External and Internal traffic
- Space Programming Adjoincy delineation
- Architects brief
- Enumeration and description of project as an entity
- Human Resource Plan
Career Options
After completing an MD in Hospital Administration, candidates will get employment opportunities in Government as well as in the Private sector.
In the Government sector, candidates have various options to choose from which include Registrar, Senior Resident, Demonstrator, Tutor, etc.
While in the Private sector the options include Resident Doctor, Consultant, Visiting Consultant (Hospital Administration), Junior Consultant, Senior Consultant (Hospital Administration), Critical Care Specialist, Consultant Hospital Administration Specialist, etc.
Courses After MD in Hospital Administration Course
MD in Hospital Administration is a specialization course that can be pursued after finishing MBBS. After pursuing a specialization in MD (Hospital Administration), a candidate could also pursue super specialization courses recognized by NMC, where MD (Hospital Administration) is a feeder qualification.
Frequently Asked Question (FAQs) – MD in Hospital Administration Course
Question: What is an MD in Hospital Administration?
Answer: MD Hospital Administration or also known as MD in Hospital Administration is a Postgraduate level course for doctors in India that is done by them after completion of their MBBS.
Question: What is the duration of an MD in Hospital Administration?
Answer: MD in Hospital Administration is a postgraduate programme of three years.
Question: What is the eligibility of an MD in Hospital Administration?
Answer: Candidates must be in possession of an undergraduate MBBS degree from any college/university recognized by the Medical Council of India.
Question: What is the scope of an MD in Hospital Administration?
Answer: MD in Hospital Administration offers candidates various employment opportunities and career prospects.
Question: What is the average salary for an MD in Hospital Administration postgraduate candidate?
Answer: The MD in Hospital Administration candidate's average salary is Rs. 0.5 Lakh – Rs. 15 lakh per annum
Question: How do I become an MD hospital administrator?
Answer: Candidates should have completed an M.B.B.S. with minimum of 55% marks from a recognized university board.
Question: What are the job opportunities after hospital administration?
Answer: You can get jobs in the various fields after hospital administration –
- Clinical departments.
- Public health agencies.
- Government health services.
- Educational institutions.
- Health insurance companies.
- Mental health facilities.
- International healthcare organizations.
- Rehabilitation centres.
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