DrNB Cardiac Anesthesia: Admissions, Medical Colleges, fees, eligibility criteria details

The course is a full-time course pursued at various accredited institutes/hospitals across the country. Some of the top accredited institutes/hospitals offering this course include Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, National Heart Institute, New Delhi and more.

Admission to this course is done through the NEET-SS Entrance exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations, followed by counseling based on the scores of the exam that is conducted by DGHS/MCC/State Authorities.

The fee for pursuing DrNB (Cardiac Anaesthesia) varies from accredited institute/hospital to hospital and may range from Rs.1,05,000 to Rs.1,25,000 per year.

After completion of their respective course, doctors can either join the job market or can pursue certificate courses and Fellowship programs recognized by NMC and NBE. Candidates can take reputed jobs at positions as Senior residents, Consultants, etc. with an approximate salary range of Rs.18 lakhs to Rs. 25 lakhs per annum.

DNB is equivalent to MD/MS/DM/MCh degrees awarded respectively in medical and surgical super specialties. The list of recognized qualifications awarded by the Board in various broad and super specialties as approved by the Government of India are included in the first schedule of the Indian medical council Act, 1956.

The Diplomate of National Board in broad-speciality qualifications and super speciality qualifications when granted in a medical institution with the attached hospital or in a hospital with the strength of five hundred or more beds, by the National Board of examinations, shall be equivalent in all respects to the corresponding postgraduate qualification and the super-speciality qualification granted under the Act, but in all other cases, senior residency in a medical college for an additional period of one year shall be required for such qualification to be equivalent for teaching also.

What is DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia?

Doctorate of National Board in Cardiac Anaesthesia, also known as DrNB (Cardiac Anaesthesia) or DrNB in (Cardiac Anesthesia) is a three-year super specialty program that candidates can pursue after completing a postgraduate medical degree.

Cardiac Anaesthesia is the branch of medical science that deals with maintaining hemodynamic stability and myocardial oxygen balance, minimizing the incidence and severity of ischemic episodes, and facilitating prompt and uncomplicated separation from CPB and assisted ventilation.

The National Board of Examinations (NBE) has released a curriculum for DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia.

The curriculum governs the education and training of DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia.

The postgraduate students must gain ample knowledge and experience in the diagnosis, and treatment of patients with acute, serious, and life-threatening medical and surgical diseases.

PG education intends to create specialists who can contribute to high-quality health care and advances in science through research and training.

The required training done by a postgraduate specialist in the field of Cardiac Anaesthesia would help the specialist to recognize the health needs of the community. The student should be competent in handling medical problems effectively and should be aware of the recent advances in their specialty.

The candidate is also expected to know the principles of research methodology and modes of the consulting library. The candidate should regularly attend conferences, workshops, and CMEs to upgrade her/ his knowledge.

Course Highlights

Here are some of the course highlights of DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia

Name of Course	DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia
Level	Doctorate
Duration of Course	Three years
Course Mode	Full Time
Minimum Academic Requirement	Candidates must have a postgraduate medical Degree in MD/DNB (Anaesthesia) obtained from any college/university recognized by the MCI (Now NMC)/NBE, this feeder qualification mentioned here is as of 2022. For any further changes to the prerequisite requirement please refer to the NBE website.
Admission Process / Entrance Process / Entrance Modalities	Entrance Exam (NEET-SS) INI CET for various AIIMS, PGIMER Chandigarh, JIPMER Puducherry, NIMHANS Bengaluru Counseling by DGHS/MCC/State Authorities
Course Fees	Rs.1,05,000 to Rs.1,25,000 per year
Average Salary	Rs.18 lakhs to Rs.25 lakhs per annum

Eligibility Criteria

The eligibility criteria for DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia are defined as the set of rules or minimum prerequisites that aspirants must meet to be eligible for admission, which include:

Name of Super Specialty course	Course Type	Prior Eligibility Requirement
Cardiac Anaesthesia	DM/DrNB	MD/DNB (Anaesthesia)

Admission Process

The admission process contains a few steps to be followed in order by the candidates for admission to DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia. Candidates can view the complete admission process for DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia mentioned below:

1. AIIMS, New Delhi, and other AIIMS

2. PGIMER, Chandigarh

3. JIPMER, Puducherry

4. NIMHANS, Bengaluru

Fees Structure

The fee structure for DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia varies from accredited institute/hospital to hospital. The fee is generally less for Government Institutes and more for private institutes. The average fee structure for DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia is around Rs.1,05,000 to Rs.1,25,000 per year.

Colleges offering DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia

Various accredited institutes/hospitals across India offer courses for pursuing DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia.

As per the National Board of Examinations website, the following accredited institutes/hospitals are offering DrNB (Cardiac Anaesthesia) courses for the academic year 2022-23.

Syllabus

A DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia is a three years specialization course that provides training in the stream of Cardiac Anaesthesia.

The course content for DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia is given in the NBE Curriculum released by the national board of Examinations, which can be assessed through the link mentioned below:

SYLLABUS:

1. General

i. History of Anaesthesia for cardiothoracic & vascular surgery

ii. Natural History of Cardiac & Pulmonary diseases

iii. Demography Diagnosis, Pre-Op. evaluation & Preparation for surgery

2. Basic Curriculum

i. Basic sciences include applied Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, Physics, Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Coagulation studies.

ii. Monitoring

iii. Cardio Vascular diagnostic and therapeutic techniques

iv. Special consideration — Cardiopulmonary bypass

v. Drugs related to anaesthesia of CPB, Pharmacokinetics during CPB Pulmonary Life-Support — Advanced cardiac life support

vi. Infection Control

vii. Teamwork, Communication skills, Ethics, Medico-legal Aspects of Cardio

viii. Thoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Documentation.

3. Operative Observations

i. Operative DIRECT CARE (Conduct of anaesthesia)

ii. Post-operative care and pain relief

iii. Research Projects/Exchange Programme with other Centers

iv. Examinations — Basic Sciences

v. (Theory and Practical) Clinical Practice of Anaesthesia, Allied Sciences & Recent advances Detailed Syllabus: Basic Sciences

1. Anatomy: Heart: Embryology, development of heart, pulmonary and vascular anatomy, coronary artery anatomy

2. Physiology:

i. Cardiac: Cellular Physiology, Haemodynamics, Role of Autonomic nervous system on Cardiovascular Function, Cardiac functions, Action Potential

ii. Cardiac rhythm

iii. Blood Physiology, Coagulation

iv. Acid Base and Electrolyte Balance

v. Pulmonary, Open & Closed chest ventilation. Ventilation / perfusion mismatch.

vi. Pulmonary airway mechanics, one-lung ventilation.

vii. Thoracotomy and pulmonary physiology.

viii. Renal, Hepatic, CNS, Endocrine System, etc.

ix. Metabolic effects of surgery

x. Endocrine response to anaesthesia and surgery

xi. CBF, ICP, autoregulation

xii. PFT and Interpretation

3. Pathophysiology:

i. Shock, Heart & Hemodynamic failure, Congenital defects, COPD, Cardiopulmonary reserves, acquired cardiac & pulmonary diseases.

ii. Vascular pathology

iii. Immunological and metabolic response during CPB.

iv. Total Circulatory Arrest.

v. Altered Lung function, infection prevention, diagnosis and management.

4. Pharmacology:

i. Total circulatory arrest, Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics of Anaesthetic and Vasoactive drugs.

ii. Biochemical reactions and applied concepts.

iii. Drugs related to anaesthesia practice,

iv. Cardiovascular drugs.

v. Antibiotics for ICU use Bronchodilator.

vi. Antiarrhythmic drugs, nitric oxide.

5. Physics:

i. Basic principles, analyzing, measuring & monitoring devices and their role in the interpretation of the results.

ii. Electronics, computing of patients' data.

iii. Laser in cardiac surgery,

iv. robotic technique.

v. Equipment: Computer application, maintenance, Monitoring,

vi. use of Electronics in Documentation & analysis of data,

vii. Equipment in OT, Equipment for transport of patients,

viii. ICU equipment

ix. Physics for ECHO

6. Clinical Sciences

i. Anaesthesia for Cardio-thoracic & Vascular Surgery

ii. Anaesthesia for diagnostic procedures in adults & Paediatric age groups

iii. Anaesthesia for - Cardiac Surgery: For closed & Open heart surgery.

iv. Anaesthesia Vascular Surgery: Aortic surgery, carotid artery surgery.

v. Anaesthesia for Thoracic procedures.

7. Paediatric: Basic haemodynamics, palliative procedures, Pre-op. preparations & special care in monitoring, Fluid balance & airway management

i. Anaesthesia for neonatal simple & complex cardiac surgery

ii. Anaesthesia management for re-surgery

iii. Paediatric diagnostic procedures in Cath Lab & echocardiography

iv. Invasive therapeutic techniques like ASD devices, a stent in major vessels, and coil embolization.

v. Paediatric lung surgery.

8. Adult: Anaesthesia for ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, vascular disease, adult congenital heart surgery

i. Electrophysiological & Arrhythmia surgery. Heart transplant, heart-lung transplant, ventricular assist devices

ii. Anaesthetic techniques for pulmonary surgery: Diagnostic & elective. Emergency procedures for lung surgery. One - Lung anaesthesia and Ventilation, Physiology (gas exchange & airway dynamics).

iii. Anaesthesia during emergency surgery and cases directly emerging from Cath Lab after Cath Lab complications.

iv. Anaesthesia in patients for diagnostic & palliative procedures in Cardiology, Radiology, and Cath Lab (outside operative rooms). Invasive cardiology procedure.

v. Anaesthesia management of re-surgery.

vi. Management for Post Op. ventilation care, prolonged ventilation, weaning, Control of Pain - its techniques & agents. Postoperative pain management during ventilation care.

vii. PAC, Intra op. monitoring, Cardiac output and coagulation monitoring.

viii. Preoperative risk scores

ix. Heart & lung transplant

x. Acid-base management (ph stat, alpha stat)

9. Cardiopulmonary Bypass:

i. Perfusion technology (principles, equipment, oxygenators, haemofiltration)

ii. Hypothermia, techniques & protocols

iii. Myocardial Protection

iv. Haemodilution

v. Anticoagulation, Pharmacology, Monitoring methods

vi. Side-effects, complications & management of CPB.

vii. Vital organ system care -cerebral, cerebral protection, cerebral monitoring, renal, and hepatic protection.

viii. Total circulatory arrest, left heart bypass Anaesthesia management during CPB Pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics of drugs during CPB.

10. Intensive Care Management:

i. Protocols for sub-system care, cerebral, Renal, Hepatic & others.

ii. Ventilatory Care, weaning of Ventilatory support. Parenteral Nutrition, control of infection.

iii. Renal failure, bedside dialysis techniques

iv. Postoperative management of single ventricular repair

v. Hepatic failure

vi. ICU monitoring technique in postoperative pain management

vii. ICU Management, especially after neonatal surgery ventilatory support in neonates, ECMO programme for neonates and children

viii. Intensive coronary care

ix. Cerebral monitoring

x. NIV Nutrition

xi. Sepsis, ARDS, antibiotics, antifungals, poisoning with cardiothoracic drugs

11. Allied Sciences:

i. Relevant to the practice of safe quality Cardiac Anaesthesia

ii. Cardiac Surgery: Surgical technique, curative surgery, Palliative procedures risk evaluation, Prognosis, Robotic surgery.

iii. Cardiology: Pre-op. evaluation, pathophysiology, Electrophysiology, Diagnostic Radiology Procedures-ECG, x-ray Angiography, Cardiac Cath. Echocardiography, Nuclear studies, their interpretations & management Special procedures: Pacing, Cardioversion, PTCA, etc. Automated cardioverters, invasive procedures for arrhythmia i.e. ablation of the abnormal pathway.

iv. Biotechnology: Various mechanical & electronic equipment. Animal experiments, materials used for CPB techniques, VAD. IABP, Laser for TMR, ECMO

v. Statistics: Bio-Statistics

vi. Research Methodology

vii. Hospital Administration: Sterilization/Gas supply, equipment maintenance, ambient air control and infection control techniques in OT

viii. Microbiology-Infection control, prevention, diagnosis and management.

12. Monitoring in Anaesthesia: Invasive & Non-Invasive monitoring techniques for Peri -operative period

i. Understanding of basic concepts of monitoring

ii. Indications, cost-effectiveness, complications

iii. Equipment usage & knowledge of accessories and their management Knowledge of the following monitoring:

iv. Cardiac functions: ECG, ABP, Ventricular Pressures, Calculation of cardiac output, Vascular resistance, Flow, Echo, Dopplers& (CAT, PET, NMR)

v. Pulmonary functions: PFT includes Blood gases, Acid-base and Pulmonary Airway mechanics. Coagulation Profile, Temperature, renal, B. Sugar and other biochemical monitoring

vi. Neuromuscular blockade: Recent advances in monitoring. BIS cerebral oximetry, Evoked potential monitoring, and CNS monitoring during CPB.

vii. NIRS- Near Infrared Spectroscopy for monitoring in Anesthesia

13. Recent Advances: Knowledge of recent developments in the field of Cardiothoracic & Vascular surgery

i. Cardiology- PTCA, Balloon embolectomy etc.

ii. Heart-lung transplant - physiology, pharmacology (Anaesthetic consideration) - Donor - recipient Selection, Immunosuppression etc.

iii. Cardiac assist devices

iv. Artificial heart, IABP, LHAD

v. Advances Pulm. support - ECMO, High-frequency Ventilation

vi. Blood substitutes

vii. Current advances and concepts in drugs, equipment, and monitoring methods

viii. Recent advances in Radiology, Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Cardiology, Cardio Pulmonary Bypass about Perioperative care of the patient in Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia.

ix. Foetal cardiac surgery

14. Miscellaneous:

i. Cardiac Risk and Cardiovascular Testing.

ii. Cardiovascular Imaging.

iii. The Adult Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory: Diagnostic & Therapeutic Procedures.

iv. Cardiac Electrophysiology: Diagnosis & Treatment.

v. Cardiac Physiology

vi. Coronary Physiology and Atherosclerosis.

vii. Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Medicine.

viii. Systemic Inflammation.

ix. Pharmacology of Anesthetic Drugs.

x. Cardiovascular Pharmacology Section III MONITORING.

xi. Evolution of Echocardiography.

xii. Intraoperative Echocardiology.

xiii. Decision-Making and Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography.

xiv. Monitoring of the Heart and Vascular System.

xv. Electrocardiographic Monitoring.

xvi. Central Nervous System Monitoring.

xvii. Coagulation Monitoring.

xviii. Myocardial Revascularization.

xix. Valvular Heart Disease: Replacement and Repair.

xx. . Congenital Heart Disease in Adults.

xxi. Thoracic Aortic Surgery.

xxii. Uncommon Cardiac Diseases.

xxiii. Anesthesia for Heart and Lung Transplantation.

xxiv. Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy.

xxv. Cardiac Pacing and Electroversion.

xxvi. Procedures in The Hybrid Operating Room.

xxvii. New Approaches to the Surgical Treatment of End-Stage Heart Failure.

xxviii. Management of Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Organ Protection.

xxix. Update on Extracorporeal Devices & Related Technologies.

xxx. Fluid & Blood Management During Cardiac Surgery.

xxxi. Coagulation Disorders and Cardiac Surgery.

xxxii. Discontinuing Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

xxxiii. Postoperative Cardiac Recovery and Outcomes.

xxxiv. Postoperative Cardiovascular Management.

xxxv. Postoperative Respiratory Care.

xxxvi. Central Nervous System Dysfunction.

xxxvii. Long-term Complications and Management.

xxxviii. Pain Management for the Postoperative Cardiac Patient

xxxix. Basic Life Support.

xl. Advanced Cardiac Life Support

xli. End of life care

xlii. Declaration of brain death

xliii. Management of organ donation

xliv. Regional anaesthesia for cardiothoracic and vascular procedures

xlv. Cardiac and thoracic trauma

xlvi. Bronchoscopy

xlvii. History- Cardiac Anaesthesia, cardiac surgery, ECMO, cardiology

15. Postings:

i. The posting is so designed that the trainee gets posted in various areas of the department, including operation theatre, postoperative ICU, Intensive coronary care unit, and Cath. Lab, echo room, and cardiothoracic surgery department.

ii. The purpose of rotation in Cardiac Surgery is to understand overall patient management and develop and improve perspective on Cardiac Anaesthesia Services. He or she will be learning invasive cardiovascular diagnostic and therapeutic procedures done in the Cath Lab and emergency services from viewpoint of Cardiac Anaesthesia.

iii. The Trainee will participate in regular Joint Preoperative Meetings and discussions with Cardiac Surgeons, Cardiologists, Pediatricians, Physiotherapists, Nurses and Physicians for better patient management.

iv. Besides this a programme for invasive monitoring demonstrations, seminars, workshops, and journal club will also be organized. In addition, soft skills: working in a team, communication skills, leadership skills, ethics, techniques of documentation and knowledge of medico legal aspects will also be required to develop.

Period of Posting in Various Units The trainee will be posted in different specialities and during this posting will be as follows:

Cardiac anaesthesia: 2 years

CTVS : 3 months

Cath Lab: 2 months

Echo lab: 1 month

ICCU: 1 month

Paediatric ICU: 1 month

Research experience: 1 month (optional)

Perfusion:15 days

Post-op cardiac surgical ICU: 2 months

Elective posting 3 months to learn recent techniques (to go to other centres, national or international) Intensive Coronary Care Unit During their posting in CCU for one month, the candidate is required to attend the CCU rounds and to learn for himself the coronary intensive care in addition to the ventilatory care.

Topics to be included in all subjects:

Biostatistics, Research Methodology and Clinical Epidemiology Ethics Medico-legal aspects relevant to the discipline Health Policy issues as may apply to the discipline

Career Options

After completing a DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia, candidates will get employment opportunities in Government as well as in the Private sector.

In the Government sector, candidates have various options to choose from Registrar, Senior Resident, Demonstrator, Tutor, etc.

While in the Private sector, the options include Resident Doctor, Consultant (Cardiac Anesthesia), Visiting Consultant (Cardiac Anesthesia), Junior Consultant (Cardiac Anesthesia), Senior Consultant (Cardiac Anaesthesia), Cardiac Anaesthesia Specialist, etc.

Courses After DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia Course

DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia is a specialization course that can be pursued after finishing a Postgraduate medical course. After pursuing a specialization in DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia, a candidate could also pursue certificate courses and Fellowship programs recognized by NMC and NBE, where DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia is a feeder qualification.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia Course

• Question: What is the full form of DrNB?

Answer: The full form of DrNB is a Doctorate of National Board.

• Question: What is a DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia?

Answer: DrNB Cardiac Anaesthesia or Doctorate of National Board in Cardiac Anaesthesia also known as DNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia is a super specialty level course for doctors in India that they do after completion of their postgraduate medical degree course.

• Question: What is the duration of a DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia?

Answer: DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia is a super speciality program of three years.

• Question: What is the eligibility of a DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia?

Answer: The Candidates must have a postgraduate medical Degree in MD/DNB (Anaesthesia) obtained from any college/university recognized by the MCI (Now NMC)/NBE, this feeder qualification mentioned here is as of 2022. For any further changes to the prerequisite requirement please refer to the NBE website.

• Question: What is the scope of a DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia?

Answer: DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia offers candidates various employment opportunities and career prospects.

• Question: What is the average salary for a DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia candidate?

Answer: The DrNB in Cardiac Anaesthesia candidate's average salary is between Rs.18 lakhs to Rs. 25 lakhs per annum depending on the experience.

• Question: Can you teach after completing DrNB Course?

Answer: Yes, the candidate can teach in a medical college/hospital after completing the DrNB course.