MD Emergency Medicine: Admissions, medical colleges, fees, eligibility criteria details

MD Emergency Medicine or Doctor of Medicine in Emergency Medicine also known as MD in Emergency Medicine is a Postgraduate level course for doctors in India that is done by them after completion of their MBBS.

The duration of this postgraduate course is 3 years, and it focuses on the knowledge and abilities needed for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of acute and urgent aspects of illness and injury that affect patients of all ages with a wide range of undifferentiated physical and behavioural disorders. It also includes knowledge of how pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency medical systems have evolved, as well as the abilities required for these developments.

The course is a full-time course pursued at various recognized medical colleges across the country. Some of the top medical colleges offering this course include All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad, AIIMS Rishikesh and more.

Admission to this course is done through the NEET PG Entrance exam conducted by the National Board of Examinations, followed by counselling based on the scores of the exam that is conducted by DGHS/MCC/State Authorities.

The fee for pursuing MD (Emergency Medicine) varies from college to college and may range from Rs. 7,000 to Rs. 25,00,000 per year.

After completion of their respective course, doctors can either join the job market or pursue a super-specialization course where MD Emergency Medicine is a feeder qualification. Candidates can take reputed jobs at positions as Senior residents, Junior Consultants, Consultants, etc. with an approximate salary range of Rs. 12,00,000 to Rs. 24,00,000 per annum.

What is MD in Emergency Medicine?

Doctor of Medicine in Emergency Medicine, also known as MD Emergency Medicine or MD (Emergency Medicine) is a three-year postgraduate programme that candidates can pursue after completing MBBS.

Emergency Medicine is the branch of medical science dealing with the knowledge and abilities needed to treat patients with life-threatening or urgent medical conditions.

PG education intends to create specialists who can contribute to high-quality health care and advances in science through research and training.

The required training done by a postgraduate specialist in the field of Emergency Medicine would help the specialist to recognize the health needs of the community. The student should be competent to handle medical problems effectively and should be aware of the recent advances in their speciality.

The candidate should be a highly competent Emergency Medicine Specialist possessing a broad range of skills that will enable her/him to practice Emergency Medicine independently. The PG candidate should also acquire the basic skills in teaching medical/para-medical students.

The candidate is also expected to know the principles of research methodology and modes of the consulting library. The candidate should regularly attend conferences, workshops and CMEs to upgrade her/ his knowledge.

Course Highlights

Here are some of the course highlights of MD in Emergency Medicine:

Eligibility Criteria

The eligibility criteria for MD in Emergency Medicine are defined as the set of rules or minimum prerequisites that aspirants must meet in order to be eligible for admission, which include:

• Candidates must be in possession of an undergraduate MBBS degree from any college/university recognized by the Medical Council of India (MCI).

• Candidates should have done a compulsory rotating internship of one year in a teaching institution or other institution which is recognized by the Medical Council of India (MCI).

• The candidate must have obtained permanent registration with any State Medical Council to be eligible for admission.

• The medical college's recognition cut-off dates for the MBBS Degree courses and compulsory rotatory Internship shall be as prescribed by the Medical Council of India (now NMC).

Admission Process

The admission process contains a few steps to be followed in order by the candidates for admission to MD in Emergency Medicine. Candidates can view the complete admission process for MD in Emergency Medicine mentioned below:

• The NEET PG or National Eligibility Entrance Test for Post Graduates is a national-level master's level examination conducted by the NBE for admission to MD/MS/PG Diploma Courses.
• The requirement of eligibility criteria for participation in counselling towards PG seat allotment conducted by the concerned counselling authority shall be in lieu of the Post Graduate Medical Education Regulations (as per the latest amendment) notified by the MCI (now NMC) with prior approval of MoHFW.

The following Medical institutions are not covered under centralized admissions for MD/MS seats through NEET- PG:

1. AIIMS, New Delhi and other AIIMS

2. PGIMER, Chandigarh

3. JIPMER, Puducherry

4. NIMHANS, Bengaluru

Fee Structure

The fee structure for MD in Emergency Medicine varies from college to college. The fee is generally less for Government Institutes and more for private institutes. The average fee structure for MD in Emergency Medicine is around Rs. 7,000 to Rs. 25,00,000 per year.

Colleges offering MD in Emergency Medicine

There are various medical colleges across India that offer courses for pursuing MD ( Emergency Medicine).

As per National Medical Commission (NMC) website, the following medical colleges are offering MD ( Emergency Medicine) courses for the academic year 2023-24.

Stipend MD Emergency Medicine

The stipend offered by various medical colleges in India for MD Emergency Medicine for the year 2022 is as follows:

Syllabus

MD in Emergency Medicine is a three years specialization course that provides training in the stream of Emergency Medicine.

As of 24/04/2023 the competency-based curriculum for MD in Emergency Medicine course is not available on NMC's official Website.

However, the course content of the Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University represented here can be used for reference and an idea of what the Syllabus of the MD in Emergency Medicine course will contain:

Pre-hospital Care

Emergency Medical Services

Prehospital Equipment and Adjuncts

Air Medical Transport

Neonatal and Pediatric Transport

Mass Gatherings

Disaster Preparedness

Disaster Medical Services

Bioterrorism Response: Implications for the Emergency Clinician

Disaster Management for Chemical Agents of Mass Destruction

Blast and Crush Injuries

Radiation Injuries

Resuscitative Problems and Techniques

Sudden Cardiac Death

Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Adults

Neonatal Resuscitation and Emergencies

Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Pediatric Airway Management

Resuscitation Issues in Pregnancy

Ethical Issues of Resuscitation

Noninvasive Airway Management

Tracheal Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation

Surgical Airway Management

Vascular Access

Invasive Monitoring, Pacing Techniques, and Automatic and Implantable Defibrillators

Cerebral Resuscitation

Newer Resuscitative Techniques

Acid-Base Disorders

Blood Gases: Pathophysiology and Interpretation

Fluid and Electrolyte Problems

Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm and Conduction

Pharmacology of Antidysrhythmic and Vasoactive medications

TRAUMA CARE

TRAUMATIC DISORDERS

Principles of care

Prehospital trauma care

Triage

Resuscitation and stabilization

• Hemorrhagic shock

• Neurogenic shock

Role of emergency physician

Team response

Reassessment and monitoring

Diagnosis

Treatment

Consultation

Disposition

Injury prevention and control

Cause of injury

Homicide

Suicide

Family violence

Motor vehicle crashes

Falls

Drowning/near drowning

Poisoning

Burns and fire-related injuries

Occupational injuries

Radiological evaluation

Plain radiography

Contrast radiography

CT scan

Angiography

MRI

Ultrasound

Mechanism of injury

Blunt

Penetrating

• Gunshot wounds

• Stab wounds

Kinematics

Diagnosis and management by anatomic areas

Head trauma

• Scalp lacerations/avulsions

• Skull fractures

• Brain concussions, contusions

• Intracranial hematomas

• Brain stem injuries

• Penetrating head trauma

• Cerebrospinal fluid leaks

Spinal cord and peripheral nervous system trauma

Complete spinal cord injuries

Incomplete cord injuries

Cauda equina injuries

Nerve route injuries

Brachial and lumbo sacral injuries

Peripheral nerve injuries

Injuries of the spine

Fractures

• Cervical

• Thoracic

• Lumbar

• Sacral/coccygeal

Dislocations/subluxations

• Dislocations/subluxations

- Unilateral facet

- Bilateral facet

Ligamentous injuries

• Ligamentous injuries

Facial fractures

Frontal sinus

Mandibular

Maxillary

Nasal

Orbital

Dental fractures and avulsions

Zygomatic

Soft tissue facial injuries

Complex lacerations

Avulsions

Severe abrasions

Parotid gland/duct injuries

Nerve injuries

Ophthalmologic trauma

Corneal abrasions/lacerations

Foreign bodies

Iritis

Hyphema

Lens dislocations

Retinal detachment

Penetrating globe injuries

Eyelid lacerations

Lacrimal duct injuries

Corneal burns

• Acid

• Alkali

• Ultra violet

Otologic trauma

Lacerations

Avulsions

Sub-pericondrial hematoma

Tympanic membrane perforation

Neck trauma

Vascular injuries

• Carotid artery

• Internal and external jugular veins

• Thoracic duct

Penetrating neck trauma

• Anterior and posterior triangle injuries

Laryngotracheal injuries

Lacerations

Crush injuries

Vocal cord avulsions/hematomas

Fracture larynx

Tracheal transection

Compression with hematomas

Chest trauma

Penetrating chest trauma

Rib fractures

Sternal fractures

Flail chest

Clavicle fracture/dislocation

Aortic disruption

Myocardial contusion

Pulmonary contusion

Pericardial tamponade

Vascular injuries

Trachea bronchial tree injuries

Pneumo thoraces

Hemothorax

Abdominal trauma

Penetrating abdominal trauma

Abdominal wall contusion

Solid-viscus injuries

Hollow viscus injuries

Vascular injuries

Diaphragmatic rupture

Evisceration

Mesenteric avulsion, hematoma

Bladder rupture, contusion

Renal injuries

Ureteral injuries

Upper extremity bony trauma

Fractures (open and closed)

• Phalangeal

• Metacarpal

• Carpal

• Forearm

• Supra condylar

• Humeral shaft and head

• Scapula

Dislocations/subluxations/fracture dislocation

• Shoulder

• Elbow

• Wrist

• Hand

Lower extremity bony trauma

Fractures (open and closed)

• Phalangeal

• Metatarsal

• Tarsal

• Ankle

• Leg (tibia-fibula)

• Patellar

• Midshaft and distal femur

• Proximal femur (hip)

Pelvic fractures

Pubic rami

Straddle

Iliac crest

Malgaigne

Dislocations/fracture-dislocations

Phalangeal

Lisfranc

Ankle

Knee

Patellar

Hip

Soft tissue extremity injuries

Tendon injuries

Periarticular injuries

Injuries to joints

Compartment syndromes/crush injuries

Penetrating soft tissue injuries

Degloving injuries

Amputations/replantation

Vascular injuries

Injuries of the genitalia

Cutaneous injuries

Lacerations

Avulsions

Burns

Puncture wounds

Bite wounds

Polytrauma/ multiple skeletal injuries

Trauma in pregnancy

Principles of care

Clinical assessment and management

• Anatomic/physiologic alterations in the pregnant woman

• Fetal monitoring

• Emergency department cesarean section

Type of injuries

• Uterine rupture

• Placental abruption

• Preterm labor

• Inutero injuries to the fetus

• Penetrating injuries to the uterus

Special Considerations for pediatric trauma victim

Clinical assessment and management

• Anatomic/physiologic differences from adults

• Airway management

• Fluid resuscitation

• Recognition of child abuse

Head injury

Spinal injuries

• Without radiological abnormality

Chest trauma

Abdominal trauma

Burns

Fractures

• Greenstick

• Torus

• Epiphyseal

UROGENITAL / GYNAECOLOGICAL DISORDERS

Genital tract/ female

Ovarian disorders

• Ovarian cyst

• Ovarian torsion

• Tumors

Vagina and vulva

Uterus

• Endometriosis

• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

• Tumors

• Uterine prolapse

Cervix

• Carcinoma

• Cysts

• Leukoplakia

Infectious disorders

Genital tract / Male

Congenital

Structural

Inflammatory/ infection

Tumours

Sexual assaults

Genital lesions

Chanchroid

Condyloma acuminate

When Pregnancy is not likely abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal bleeding

Ectopic pregnancy

Abortions - Molar pregnancy

Twisted ovarian tumours

Emergency contraception

Rape victims

Domestic battering

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Principles

Pharmacokinetics

Drug interactions

Allergic reactions

Drugs in pregnancy / breastfeeding

Effect of age

Withdrawal syndrome

Neonatal/pediatric considerations

Drug classes

Analgesics/ anaesthetics

• Fentanyl

• Morphine

• Pethidine

• Ketamine

• Nitrous oxide

Antibiotics

Anticoagulants

Anticonvulsants

Antihistamines

Anti psychotics

Bronchodilating agents

Cardiovascular drugs

• Antiarrthythmic

• Antihypertensives

• Digoxin

• Calcium-channel blockers

• Beta blockers

• Antianginals

Hormones/ steroids

Hypoglycemics

• Oral agents

• Insulin

Intravenous fluids

Local anaesthetics

• Esters

• Amides

Locally acting drugs

• Antacids

• Antiseptics

• Cathartics

• Laxatives

Neuromuscular blocking agents

• Depolarising

• Non-depolarising

NSAIDS

Opioid

Sedatives/ hypnotics

• Barbiturates

• Benzodiazepines

• Chloral hydrate

Thrombolytics

Tocolytics

Inotropes

Vasodilators

Anti snake venom

Fibrinolytics

Diuretics

PROCEDURES/ SKILLS

Airway techniques

Cricothyrotomy

Heimleichs maneuver

Intubation

• Esophageal obturator airway

• Nasotracheal

• Oratracheal

• Rapid sequence

• Fiber optic

Mechanical ventilation

Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation

Airway adjuncts

Anaesthesia

Local

Regional

Intravenous anaesthesia

Regional nerve blocks

General anaesthesia

Diagnostic procedures

Arthocentisis

Cystourethrogram

Lumbar puncture

Nasogastric intubation

Pericardiocentesis

Peritoneal lavage

Bed side USG

Anoscopy

Thoracocentesis

Tonometry

Slit lamp examination

ECG interpretation

Radiographic interpretation

Central venous line placement

Chest tube placement

Genital / Urinary

Bladder catheterization

Suprapubic catheterisation

Delivery of new born

Head and neck

Control of epistaxis

Laryngoscopy

Naso / Pharyngeal endoscopy

Hemodynamic techniques

Arterial catheter insertion

Central venous access

• Femoral

• Jugular

• Subclavian

• Umbilical

• Venous cut down

• Intraosseous infusion

Military anti shock trouser suit application and removal

Peripheral venous cut down

Pulmonary artery catheter insertion

Skeletal procedures

Fracture / dislocation immobilisation techniques

Fracture dislocation reduction techniques

Spine

• Cervical traction techniques

• Immobilisation techniques

• Back board techniques

Thoracic

Cardiac pacing

• Cutaneous

• Transvenous

Defribrillation / cardioversion

Cardiorraphy

Pericardiotomy

Thorocostomy

Thorocotomy

Intra aortic balloon insertion

Other techniques

End tidal CO2 Monitoring

Gastric lavage

Incision and drainage

Intestinal tube insertion

Burr holes

Pulse oximetry

Sensgtagen blakemore insertion technique

Wound closure techniques

Traphanisation – Nails

Peak expiratory flow rate measurement

Excision of thrombosed hemorrhoids

Foreign body removal

Conscious sedation

Wound debridement

Laboratory skills

Venepuncture

Arterial blood gas sampling

Microscopy

Gram stain

Preparation / interpretation

Multiple patient management

Universal precautions

ACLS

Pericardio centesis

Intraosseous needle

GENERAL MEDICINE

ENDOCRINE, METABOLIC AND NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS

Acid base disturbances

Metabolic

• Acidosis

• Alkalosis

Mixed acid base disorders

Respiratory

• Acidosis

• Alkalosis

Fluid and electrolyte disturbances

Calcium

Chloride

Magnesium

Phosphorus

Potassium

Sodium

Water

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

Glucose metabolism

Diabetes mellitus

• Diabetic ketoacidosis

• Hyper osmolar coma

Hypoglycemic syndrome

Nutritional disorders

Wernicke - kosrsakoff syndrome

Vitamin deficiency

Vitamin excess

Endocrine Emergencies

Thyroid storm

Myoedema coma

Acute adrenal insufficiency

Hyper and hypo calcemia

ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERS

Diving emergencies / dysbarism

Acute gas embolism

Decompression sickness

Submersion incidence

Cold water immersion+

Near drowning

Electrical injury

Lightning injury

AC/DC current

High voltage

High altitude illness

Acute mountain sickness

High-altitude cerebral edema

High-altitude pulmonary edema

Radiation injury

Poisonous plants

Smoke inhalation

Temperature related illness

Heat

Cold

• Hypothermia

• Frost bite

Bites and stings

Arthropods

• Insects

• Spiders

• Scorpions

Reptiles

HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS

Hemostatic disorders

Clotting factor disorders

• Hemophilias

• Acquired

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Platelet disorders

• Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

• Drug inactivation of platelets

Von Willebrands disease

Red Blood cell disorders

Anemia

• Aplastic

• Hemolytic

- Glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

- Hemolytic uremic syndrome

• Hypochromic / microcytic

• Megaloblastic

• Normochromic normocytic

• Hemoglobinopathies

- Sickle cell disease/trait

- Thalassemia

Polycythemia

Transfusions

Autotransfusion

Complications

• Febrile

• Hemolytic

• IgA-mediated

• Disease transmission risk

• HIV

• Hepatitis

• Massive transfusions

Component therapy

Synthetic blood replacement

Indications for transfusion

IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS

Hypersensitivity

Anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions

Angioedema

Allergic rhinitis

Drug allergies

Serum sickness

SYSTEMIC INFECTIOUS DISORDERS

Bacterial

Botulism

Gonococcal disease

Bacteremia/sepsis

Mycobacterial infections

• Tuberculosis

• Atypical mycobacteria

Meningococcemia

Plague

Tetanus

Dengue

Typhoid

Toxic shock syndrome

Spirochaetes

Chlamydia

Mycoplasma

Protozoal – parasites

Malaria

Toxoplasmosis

Viral

HIV

Infectious mononucleosis

Influenza

Mumps

Polio

Rabies

Rubellas

Roseola

Varicella/zoster

Herpes simplex

Travel related

Prevention

Prophylaxis

Immunisations

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (NON TRAUMATIC)

Bony abnormalities

Asceptic Necrosis of hip

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteomyelitis

Tumours

Bone cysts

Osteoporosis

Osteomalacia

Bone spurs

Pagets disease

Joint abnormalities

Arthritis

• Septic

• Gout

• Collagen vascular

• Degenerative

Osteochondritis dissicans

Disorders of the spine

Ankylosing spondilits

Spondilolysis / spondylolisthesis

Disc disorders

• Herniated nucleus pulposus

• Discitis

Low back syndromes

• Acute sprain

• Sacroiliitis

• Sciatica

• Tumors

• Cauda equina syndrome

• Spinal stenosis

Overuse syndromes

• Tendonitis

• Bursitis

• Fibrositis

• Muscle strains

• Carpal tunnel syndrome

Muscle abnormalities

• Muscular dystrophies

• Rhabdomyolysis

• Myositis

• Myositis ossificans

Soft tissue infections

• Necrotising faciitis

• Gangrene

• Paronychia

• Felon

• Tenosynovitis

NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

• Cerebral aneurysm

• Arteriovenous malformation

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Ischaemic stroke

• Embolic

• Thrombotic

Transient ischaemic attack

Cranial nerve disorders

Bell's palsy

Trigeminal neuralgia

Other cranial nerves

Demyelinating disorders

Multiple sclerosis

Infections/ inflammatory disorders

Abscess

• Brain

• Epidural

Encephalitis

Meningitis

Mylitis

Neuritis

Neuromuscular disorders

Landry's / Guillain - Barre syndrome

Myasthenia gravis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Peripheral neuropathy

Compression syndromes

Toxic and other neuropathies

Spinal cord compression

Seizure disorders

Status epilepticus

Focal seizures

Generalised seizures

Pseudo seizures

Headache

Acute spinal cord injury

Management of radiculopathy and mylopathy

Status epileptus

Acute neuro muscular respiratory failures and management

Unconscious patients with good flow chart

PSYCHOBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS

Thought disorders

• Schizophrenia

• Delusional paronoia

Mood disorders

• Bipolar disorder

• Depression

Anxiety disorders

• Post traumatic stress

• Panic

• Phobia

• Obsessive compulsive

• Catatonic

Somatoform disorders

• Hysterical conversion

• Hypochondriasis

Factitious disorders

• Munchausen syndrome

• Drug seeking behaviour

Addictive behaviour

• Substance abuse

• Eating disorders

Personality disorders

• Antisocial

• Histrionic

• Obsessive compulsive

• Passive / aggressive

• Borderline personality

Oraganic brain syndromes

• Delirium

• Dimentia

• Amnesia

• Intoxication and withdrawal

Risk assessment

• Suicidal risk or self abuse

• Risk of violence against others

Involuntary competency assessment/commitment

Treatment modalities

• Major tranquilizers

• Sedatives/ hypnotics

• Physical restraints

• Management of violence

• Community resource utilisation

Patterns of violence/ abuse/ neglect

• Family violence

• Sexual assault

RENAL DISORDERS

Structural disorders

• Renal calculi

• Obstructive uropathy

• Renal obstruction

Infections

• Pyelonephritis

• Perinephric abscess

Acute and chronic renal failure

Complications of dialysis

THORACIC RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

Acute upper airway obstruction

Breast disorders

• Fibrocystic disease

• Tumor

• Infections

Disorders of pleura, mediastinum and chest wall

• Costochondritis

• Mediastinal masses

• Mediastinitis

• Pleural effusions/ empyema

• Pleurisy

• Pneumomediastinum

• Pnemothoraces

- Spontaneous

- Iatrogenic

- Tension

Hyperventilation syndrome

Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Obstructive restrictive lung disease

• Asthma

• Bronchitis

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• Environmental / industrial exposure

Physical and chemical irritants / insults

• Chemical agents

• Foreign bodies

• Aspiration of gastric contents

Pulmonary embolism/ infarct

• Venous thromboembolism

• Fat

• Septic

• Amniotic fluid

Pulmonary infections

Bacterial

Fungal

Mycoplasma

Lung abscess

Bronchiectasis

Oppurtunistic

Septic emboli

Tuberculosis

Viral

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Pulmonary tumours

Sarcoidosis

Sleep apnea syndrome

TOXICOLOGICAL DISORDERS

Principles

Toxicology information

Toxicology diagnostic modalities

Toxidromes

Treatment modalities

• Antidotes

• Skin decontamination

• Gastric decontamination

- Emetics

- Lavage

Enhanced elimination

Activated charcoal

Cathartics/whole bowel irrigation

Diuresis

Dialysis

Hyperbaric oxygen

Withdrawal syndrome

Drug and chemical classes

• Acetaminophen

• Alcohol

- Ethanol

- Ethylene glycol

- Isopropyl alcohol

- Methanol

• Analgesics/ Anaesthetics

• Anti cholinergics/ Cholinergics

• Anti coagulants

• Anti convulsants

• Anti depressants

- Lithium

- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

- Cyclic antidepressants

• Anti parkinsonism drugs

• Anti histamines

• Anti psychotics

• Bronchodilators

• Cannabis

• Carbon monoxide

• Cardiovascular drugs

• Caustic agents

• Cocaine

• Cyanides

• Hydrogen sulphides

• Food addictives

• Halucinogens

• Hazardous material spills

• Heavy metals and chelation

• Household / industrial poisons

• Hormones and steroids

• Hydrocarbons / Halogenated hydrocarbons

• Hypoglycemics

• Inhaled toxins

• Iron

• Isonizid

• Local anaesthetics

• Local acting drugs

• Irritant bases

• Marine toxins

• Methhemoglobinemia

• Mushrooms/ poisonous plants

• Nitrogen compounds

• NSAID’s

• Organophosphates

• Opiods

• Salicylates

• Sedatives

• Stimulants

• Strychnine

CRITICAL CARE

Anti microbial therapy in critical care setting

Catheter colonization and Catheter related bacteremia

Invasive and noninvasive monitoring

Infections after solid organ transplantation

Management of HIV and AIDS related infection in the ICU

Malaria and Other tropical infections in the ICU

Intra abdominal sepsis

Laboratory diagnosis of infections

Mechanical ventilation

Noninvasive ventilation

Acute hypoxic respiratory failure

• Pathology of Acute Lung injury

• Pathophysiology and Management of Acute Respiratory distress syndrome

• Pulmonary aspiration

• Weaning from ventilatory support in hypoxic respiratory failure

Acute ventilatory failure

• Life threatening asthma

• Acute respiratory failure in patients with COPD

• Weaning from respiratory support in airflow obstruction states

Brain death

• Definition

• Determination

• Physiological effects on donor organs

Interventional therapy for cardiogenic shock

Hypertensive crises – emergencies and urgencies

Pulmonary embolism

Inotropic therapy in critically ill patient

Sedatives and analgesics in critical care

Neuro muscular blocking drugs in patients in the ICU

Critical care imaging of chest

CT and MRI of the abdomen in the Critical care patient

Interventional radiology in the critical ill patient

Imaging of the central nervous system in the critical care patient

Echocardiography in critical care

CARDIOLOGY

CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS

Pathophysiology

• Congenital disorders

• Acquired disorders

• Aging

Diseases of the myocardium – acquired

• Cardiac failure

- High output

- Low output

- Corpulmonale

• Cardiomyopathy

• Ischemic heart disease

- Angina

▫ Stable

▫ Variant

▫ Unstable

- Myocardial infraction

- Cardiogenic shock

- Ventricular aneurysm

• Endocarditis

• Valvular heart disease

- Aortic insufficiency / stenosis

- Mitral insufficiency / stenosis

- Pulmonary insufficiency / stenosis

- Tricuspid insufficiency / stenosis

• Myocarditis

Diseases of the pericardium

• Pericarditis

• Pericardial effusion/tamponade

• Tumors

Diseases of the conduction system

• Dysrhythmias

- Atrial flutter / fibrillation

- Atrial / junctional ectopy

- Preexcitation syndromes

- Supraventricular tachycardia / bradycardia

- Ventricular flutter / fibrillation

- Ventricular trachycardia

- Ventricular ectopy

- QT-Interval syndrome

• Conduction blocks

- Sinotrial block

- Sick sinus syndrome

- Atrioventricular blocks (1; 2; 3)

- Bundle - branch blocks

Diseases of the circulation – acquired

• Arterial

- Atherosclerosis / insufficiency

- Aneurysm

- Aortic / iliac

- Peripheral arterial

- Arteritis

- Emboli

- Spasm

- Thrombosis

- Aortic dissection

• Venous

- Venous insufficiency varicosities

- Thromboembolism

- Thrombophlebitis

• Lymphatics

Congenital abnormalities of the CVS

• Familial/ Genetically transmitted disorders

• Disorders due to anatomic anomalies

- Hypertrophic heart disease

- Mitral valve prolapse

- Patent foramen ovale

Cardiac transplant patient

Hypertension

• Acute hypertensive crisis

• Chronic hypertension

- Essential

- Secondary

Primary tumors of the heart

Myocardial manifestations of the systemic diseases

Treatment modalities

• Thrombolytic therapy

• Pharmacologic agents

• Cardiac pacemakers

- Temporary

- Permanent

• Surgical interventions

- Vascular reconstruction

- Embolectomy

- Angioplasty

- Circulatory augmentation

- Implantable defibrillators

DERMATOLOGY

CUTANEOUS DISORDERS

Dermatitis

• Acne

• Atopic

• Contact

• Dyshidrotic eczema

• Exfoliative

• Lichen simplex

• Psoriasis

• Seborrhea

• Stasis

• Photosensitivity

Infections

• Bacterial

- Abscess

- Cellulitis/lymphangitis

- Erysipelas

- Folliculitis

- Impetigo

- Bacterial exanthems

• Fungal

- Candida

- Tinea

• Parasitic

- Pediculosis

- Scabies

• Viral

- Aphthous ulcers

- Herpes simplex

- Herpes zoster

- Molluscum contagiosum

- Warts

- Viral exanthems

Maculopapular lesions

• Pityriasis rosea

• Pupura and petechiae

• Urticaria

Papular/ nodular lesions

• Epidermal inclusion cysts

• Fibroma

• Hemangioma

• Lipoma

• Nevi

• Lichen planus

Erythemas

• Erythema multiforme

• Erythema nodosum

Vesicular / Bullous lesions

• Pemphigus / pemphigold

• Scalded skin syndrome

• Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Cancers

• Basal cell

• Kaposis sarcoma

• Melanoma

• Squamous cell

Cutaneous manifestations of allergic reactions

Cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases

PAEDIATRICS

G I Tract

Colic, formula intolerance

Foreign body

Gastroenteritis

Viral / Bacterial / Parasite / Allergic / Inflammatory bowel disease

Gastro oesophageal reflux

GI bleeding

• Upper

• Lower

Surgical emergencies

• Tracheo oesophageal fistula / esophageal atresia

• Pyloric stenosis

• Biliary atresia

• Meckel’s diverticulum

• Hirschsprungs

• Malrotation / volvulus

• Intussuception

• Hernia – inguinal, umbilical

• Appendicitis

• Duplication cyst

• Tumours – Neuroblastoma / Wilm’s tumour

Acute pancreatitis

Hepatic coma / Fulminant hepatic failure

Cardio Vascular

Arrhythmia

Congenital heart disease

• Left to right shunt

• Right to left shunt with hypoxic spells

• Obstructive lesions – Pulmonary / systemic

Acquired heart diseases

• Pericardial effusion / pericarditis

• Infective endocarditis

• Myocarditis

• Rheumatic fever.

Congestive cardiac failure

Hypertension

Endocrine / Metabolic Disorders

Diabetes mellitus / Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Hypoglycemia

Diabetes insipidus

SIADH

Hyper and hypoparathyroidism / hypocalcemia

Hypo and hyper thyroidism

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia / crisis

Cushing’s syndrome

Inborn errors of metabolism

Urea cycle, organic acidemia, amino acid metabolism, glycogen storage disorder

Hematologic

Anaemia – Aplastic, nutritional, hemoglobin

Thalassemia, Sickle cell anaemia, Spherocytosis

Hemostatic disorders

• ITP

• DIC

• Inherited disorders

• Fever and neutropenia

• Transfusion Medicine

Hypercoagulation states

Methhemoglobenemia

Leukemias

Lymphomas

Tumor lysis syndrome, Superior mediastinal syndrome

Neurology

Acute encephalopathies – including Reye’s syndrome

Meningitis / Encephalitis – viral, bacterial, tuberculosis

Seizures

Febrile, Non-febrile, Epilepsy

Status epilepticus

Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy

Coma

Raised intracranial tension – hydrocephalus, pseudo tumour cerebri

Acute flaccid paralysis

Chorea

Migraine

CNS tumours

Nerocysticerosis

Intracranial bleed

Orthopedics

Septic arthritis

Osteomyelitis

Transient synovites / reactive arthritis

Tumours

• Ewing’s sarcoma

• Osteogenic sarcoma

Congenital dislocation of hip

ENT

Epistaxis

Foreign body

Naso pharyngitis

Otitis externa

Otitis media

Tonsillitis

Ludwig’s angina

Torticollis

R S

Croup

• ACTB

• Epiglottitis

• Spasmodic croup

Foreign body

Bronchiolitis

Asthma

Status asthmaticus

Pneumonia

• Bacterial

• Viral

• Myoplasma

• Chalamydial

• Tuberculosis

Aspiration pneumonia

Pulmonary edema

Pleural effusion / emphysema

Pneumothorax

Congenital abnormalities in respiratory tract

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Apnea / Respiratory failure / Respiratory distress

ARDS

Psychiatry

Depression / attempted suicide

Psychosis

Eating disorder

Malingering / conversion reaction

Substance abuse

Infection

Diphtheria

Tetanus

Pertusis

Viral hemorrhagic fever / dengue

Poliomyelitis

Septic shock

TB

Measles

Staphylococcus infection

Meningococcus

Hemophilus influenza

Pneumococcus

Rabies

Herpes simplex

Cholera

Food poisoning

Bacteremia / septicemia

Viral exanthematous fevers

Immunization

Fever without localizing signs

Scrub Typhus

Rheumatology

Juvenile Rheumatoid arthritis

Henoch-schonlein purpura / vasculitis

Kwasaki syndrome

SLE

Skin

Cellulitis / Impetigo

Urticaria / angioedema

Renal / genitourinary

Congenital abnormalities of kidney

Urinary tract infection – uncomplicated, complicated

Acute glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic syndrome

Urolithiasis

Renal tubular acidosis

Acute renal failure

• Chronic renal failure

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Penis

• Balanitis

• Phimosis / paraphimosis

Testis

• Torsion

Undescended Testis

New born

Resuscitation

Transport

Assessment – gestational age, sick new born

Preterm / IUGR

Jaundice

Sepsis – local, general

Seizures

Birth asphyxia

Birth trauma

Bleeding neonate

Temperature regulation and hypothermia

Hyaline membrane disease

Anemia

Fluid and electrolytes

General principles including type of fluid, composition, daily requirements

Fluids in special situation including newborn

Specific disturbance

• Hyponatremia

• Hypernatremia

• Hypokalemia

• Hyperkalemia

• Disorders of calcium/magnesium

Acid base balance

Critical care / problems

BLS, PALS in children

Airway management

Rapid sequence intubation

Post intubation

Assisted ventilation

Pre hospital care

Transport of sick child / post resuscitation stabilization

Shock

Anaphylaxis

Temperature regulation

Blood Component transfusion

Infection control

Vascular access

Drugs

Drug therapy in neonate and children

Poisoning and animal bites

General principles of management

Salicylate poisoning

Acetaminophen poisoning

OPC, Organochlorines

Hydrocarbons

Acids / alkali

Oleander, Datura

Dapsone, anti convulsants, anti histamine, iron

Scorpion sting

Snake bite

Environment

Electrical injuries

CO poisoning / smoke injuries

Near drowning / drowning

Heat stroke

Burns

Paediatric trauma

Epidemiology of child hood injuries

Setting up of regional pediatric trauma centre

Trauma score

Thoracic injuries

Abdominal trauma

Genitourinary trauma

Evaluation of hand, soft tissue injuries, envenomation injuries

Musculoskeletal trauma

CNS injuries / spinal injuries

Vascular injuries

Child abuse – physical, sexual

Emergency procedures

Passing NG tube

Catheterization, LMA, Pain management

Application of collagen in burns, Intubation

ICT drainage, pleural tap

Umbilical vein cannulation

Ascitic tap

Pericardial tap, peripheral venous access, venepuncture.

Arterial line, Introsseous access, C-Spine immobolissation.

Growth and development

Medico legal aspects

OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY

OBSTETRICS AND DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY

Contraception

Pregnancy, Uncomplicated

Pregnancy, complicated

• Ectopic

• Hyperemesis gravidarum

• Abortion

- Threatened

- Inevitable

- Incomplete

- Complete

- Septic

- Missed

• Abruption placenta

• Placenta praevia

• Toxemia / pregnancy induced hypertension

- Pre-eclampsia

- Eclampsia

• Rh Incompatibility

• Hydadiform mole

• Underlying illness

Labor uncomplicated

Labor complicated

• Premature rupture of membranes

• Preterm labor

• Failure to progress

• Fetal distress

• Ruptured uterus

Delivery, uncomplicated

• Presentation

• Position

• Lie

• Episiotomy

Delivery complicated

• Presentation

• Dystocia

• Prolapsed cord

• Retained placenta

• Uterine inversion

• Multiple births

• Still birth

• Emergency cesarean section

Post patrum complication

• Retained products of conception

• Hemorrhage

• Endometritis

• Mastitis

When Pregnancy is suspected

• Bleeding in pregnancy - SHOCK Retained placenta

• Abdominal pain during pregnancy

• Vomiting in pregnancy

• Seizures in pregnancy

• Headache and fever in pregnancy/puerperal

• Injury to a pregnant woman (RTA)

• Recognition of risk factors in pregnancy

• Septic shock (CPR in Pregnancy)

GENERAL SURGERY

ABDOMINAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS

Oesophagus

Motor abnormalities

• Esophageal spasm

• Achalasia

Structural disorders

• Varices

• Rupture

• Perforation (Boerhaave's syndrome)

• Tears (Mallory - Weiss syndrome)

• Hematoma

• Foreign body

• Diaphragmatic hernia

• Diverticula

• Hiatal hernia

• Webs, strictures, stenosis, fistulas

Inflammatory disorders

• Reflux esophagitis

• Caustic injury

Infectious disorders

• Herpetic esophagitis

• Monilial esophagitis

Tumours

Liver

• Hepatitis

- Viral

- Bacterial

- Parasitic

- Drug and toxin

- Alcoholic

- Prophylaxis

• Cirrhosis

- Alcoholic

- Viral

- Biliary obstructive

- Drug-induced

- Toxin-induced

• Hepatic hepatorenal failure

• Tumours of liver

• Abscess

- Primary abscess

- Metastatic abscess

• Hydatid liver

• Portal hypertension

Gall bladder and biliary tract

• Cholecystitis

• Cholangitis

• Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis

• Gallstone ileus

• Tumours

• Inflammatory disorders

• Gall stones

Pancreas

Inflammatory disorders

• Acute pancreatitis

• Chronic pancreatitis

• Pseudocyst/abcess

• Pancreatic insufficiency

Tumours

• Islet cell tumors

• Carcinoma

Stomach

Structural lesions

• Volvulus

• Foreign bodies

• Rupture

• Gastric outlet obstruction

Inflammatory disorders

• Acute gastritis

- Stress-related

- Corrosive gastritis

- Drug induced

Peptic ulcer disease

• Duodenal ulcer

• Gastric ulcer

• Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Tumours

Small bowel

Motor abnormalities

• Obstruction

- Mechanical

- Adynamic

• Pseudoobstruction

Structural disorders

• Aortoenteric fistula

• Malabsorption

• Meckel's diverticulum

Inflammatory disorders

• Acute appendictis

• Regional enteritis/crohn's disease

Infectious disorders

• Viral

• Bacterial

• Parasitic

Tumours

Vascular disorders

• Mesenteric ischemia

• Ischemic colitis

Large bowel

Motor abnormalities

• Irritable bowel

• Constipation

• Aganglionic megacolon/Hirschsprung's

• Obstruction / pseudo obstruction

Structural disorders

• Diverticular disease

• Volvulus

• Vascular dysplasia (angiodysplasia)

Inflammatory disorders

• Ulcerative colitis

• Radiation colitis

Infectious disorders

• Bacterial

• Viral

• Parasitic

• Antibiotic-associated

Tumors

Rectum and Anus

Structural disorders

• Anal fissure

• Anorectal fistula

• Hemorrhoids

- Internal

- External

• Rectal prolapse

• Foreign body

• Perirectal abscess

• Perianal / pilonidal abscess

Inflammatory disorders

• Proctitis

Tumors

Abdominal wall

Hernias

Peritoneum

Ascites

Peritonitis

Varicose veins

Subcutaneous tumours

Lipomas

Dermoids

Sebaceous cyst

Breast

Inguinal hernia

Hydrocele

Testis

Oesophago gastroscopy

PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE MICRO SURGERY

Theory - Lectures

Emergency Care - Trauma centre

Basic Surgical Skill - Trauma centre minor OT/Casualty OT & A6 OT

LECTURES

Wound healing

Wound care and dressings

Suturing

Skin grafting

Hand injury

• History and examination

• First AID

• Emergency room management

• Definitive treatment

Burns

Types / classification / medicoleagal aspects

Assessment of depth / % surface are % management of shock respiratory burns and complication

First AID at site

Management - initial at emergency room

Management subsequently

Other types of burns - Electrical, Chemical and Radiation

Microsurgical emergency

Limbs / digits with vascular compromise

Amputation

Preservation of amputated part and care of stump

Do's and Don’t’s

Degloving injuries of limbs

Management and counselling in plastic surgical birth anomalies

Life threatening

Non life threatening

Management of hand infection

EMERGENCY CARE

Demonstration, supervision and joint ventures

• Wound care in degloving injuries

• Wound care in hand injuries

• Wound care in burns

• Venotomy in burns

• Managing major burns

• Management of facial wounds

- Controlling bleeding

- Suturing

- Areas:- Regular face (fore head / cheek / chin etc.)

- Specific:- Eyelids

Eyebrows

Lips

Intra oral

• Management of finger tip injuries

- SSG

- V-Y Flaps

- Terminalisation

BASIC SURGICAL SKILLS

• Suturing with fine suture 6.0 - 4.0 size

• Terminalisation

• Harvesting of small skin graft

• Terminalisation

• I & D in hand infection

• I & D in facial abscesses

• Hand injury: debridement, repair, splinting

• Emergency escharotomy in burns

OPHTHALMOLOGY

Eye

• External eye

• Anterior pole

• Posterior pole

• Orbit

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Basic techniques of ophthalmic examination

• Orbit

• Adnexa

• Ocular motility

• Anterior segment

• Pupillary examination

• Posterior segment

• Orbital trauma

• Adnexal trauma

• Anterior segment trauma

• Optic nerve trauma

PROCEDURE/SKILLS

• Bedside ophthalmic examination

• Direct ophthalmoscopy

• Eye patching, use of protective eye shield

• Taping of lids to prevent exposure

• Temporary tarsorrhaphy

• Eyelid laceration repair

OTO-RHINO-LARYNGIOLOGY

EAR

Cellulitis / abscess of external ear

Foreign body

Labryntitis

Malignant otitis externa

Mastoiditis

Meneires disease

Otitis externa

Otitis media

Tympanic membrane perforation

Acute inflammation of ear

• Furuncle

• Otomycosis

• Malignant ottits externa

• Neuro permatitis

• Herpes zoster oticus

Emergency management

Foreign bodies of external and middle ear

• Diagnosis and management

Trauma to external ear

• Haematoma auris

• Trauma to external auditory canal

• Fracture of temporal bone

Trauma to tympanic membrane

• Traumatic perforation

• Blast injuries

• Fracture of skull base

Neoplasam of external ear

• Osteoma

• Exostosis

• Tumours of external canal

• Carcinoma of external canal

• Kerotosis obturans

• Impacted cerumen of external ear - diagnosis and management

Inflammation of middle ear

• Acute ottits media with effusion

• Chronic ottits media - acute manifestations

• Complications of ottits media inter cranial and extra cranial

• Diabetic ottits media

• Diabetic mastoiditis

Trauma middle ear

• Hemo tympanom

• Baro trauma

• Fracture of temporal bone - classification, mechanism, diagnosis and management

• Trauma to ossicular chain

Tumours of middle ear

• Acute presentations

• Glomus tympanium

• Glomus jugularae

• Carcinoma middle ear

Pathology of the inner ear

• Sudden hearing loss - emergency management, aetiology and diagnosis

• Management of acute vertigo - aetiology, diagnosis and management

• Meniere's diseases

• Benign paroxismal, positional vertigo

• Labrinthits - viral, bacterial

• Ototoxicity - drugs/chemicals

• Otosclerosis

• Noise-induced hearing loss - blast injuries

NOSE

Epistaxis

Nasal foreign body

Rhinitis

Sinusitis

Anatomy of the nose and para nasal sinuses

Basic physiology

Epistaxis etio - pathology clinical features and management

Vestibulitis - anterior rhinitis

Acute sinusitis / rhinitis

Baro traumatic sinusitits

Complications of sinusitis

Fracture nasal bone

Tumours of the nose, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx, benign and malignant tumours

CFS Rhinorrhea

Fracture maxilla (le forts)

Proptosis

Choanal atresia

OROPHARYNX / THROAT

Foreign body

Gingivitis

Laryngitis

Ludwigs angina

Oral candidiasis

Pericoronitis

Periodontal abscess

Tonsilitis / Peritonsillar abscess

Pharyngitis

Retropharyngeal abscess

Sialoadenitis

Stomatitis

Temporomandibular joint diorders

Uvulitis

Catongue

Ca cheek

Salivary tumours

Odontomes

Ranula

Anatomy of oral cavity & pharynx

Physiology of oral cavity & pharynx

Diseases of the oral cavity & pharynx

• Cleft palate & cleft lip

• Stomatitis

• Oralsub mucus firosis, Ludwig's angina

Tumours of oral cavity

• Ranula

• Haemangioma

• Lympangioma

• Leucoplakia

Tonsillitis & adeonnitis

• Acute

• Chronic

Peritonsillar abcess

Acute & chronic pharangitis

• Retro pharangeal abcess/parapharangeal abcess

• Foreign bodies in the pharynx

• Globus hystericus

• Sleep-apnoea syndrome

• Chemical trauma to the pharynx

• Tumours of the pharynx

• Temporomandibular joint dislocation

• Oesopghgus

- Anatomy & physiology of the oesophagus

- Oesophagitis

- Foreign bodies of the oesophagus

- Dysphagia

- Achalasia cardia

- Malignant disease of the oesophagus

LARYNX

Anatomy of larynx

Physiology of larynx

Injuries of the larynx (open & closed)

Laryngo-tracheal stenosis

Acute laryngitis, epiglottitis, laryngo tracheo bronchitis

Foreign bodies in the larynx (diagnosis & management)

Benign & malignant tumours of the larynx

Vocal cord paralysis

Airway obstruction (stridor)

Occult primary

TRACHEA & BRONCHI

Anatomy of trachea & bronchi

Acute laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis

Foreign bodies in the air & food passage (diagnosis & management)

Neoplasms of the trachea & bronchi

Tracheostomy

HEAD & NECK

Anatomy of neck

Benign tumours of the neck

Parotid tumours

Thyroid tumours

Parapharngeal space tumours & infection

Fracture cervical spine

Fracture skull base

Fascial spaces of the neck

Facial palsy

Special Situations

Injection Drug Users

The elder patient

Adults with Physical Disabilities

The Mentally Retarded Adult

The Homeless Patient

The Morbidly Obese Patient

Patient Safety in Emergency Medicine

Career Options

After completing an MD in Emergency Medicine, candidates will get employment opportunities in Government as well as in the Private sector.

In the Government sector, candidates have various options to choose from which include Registrar, Senior Resident, Demonstrator, Tutor etc.

While in the Private sector, the options include Resident Doctor, Consultant, Visiting Consultant (Emergency Medicine), Junior Consultant (Emergency Medicine), Senior Consultant (Emergency Medicine), Critical Care Specialist (Emergency Medicine), Consultant Emergency Medicine Specialist, etc.

Courses After MD in Emergency Medicine

MD in Emergency Medicine is a specialization course that can be pursued after finishing MBBS. After pursuing a specialization in MD ( Emergency Medicine ), a candidate could also pursue super specialization courses recognized, where MD (Emergency Medicine)is a feeder qualification.

• DM Critical Care Medicine

• DM In Accident and Emergency Medicine

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – MD in Emergency Medicine

• Question: What is an MD in Emergency Medicine?

Answer: MD Emergency Medicine or Doctor of Medicine in Emergency Medicine also known as MD in Emergency Medicine is a Postgraduate level course for doctors in India that is done by them after completion of their MBBS.

• Question: What is the duration of an MD in Emergency Medicine?

Answer: MD in Emergency Medicine is a postgraduate program of three years.

• Question: What is the eligibility of an MD in Emergency Medicine?

Answer: Candidates must be in possession of an undergraduate MBBS degree from any college/university recognized by the Medical Council of India.

• Question: What is the scope of an MD in Emergency Medicine?

Answer: MD in Emergency Medicine offers candidates various employment opportunities and career prospects.

• Question: What is the average salary for an MD in Emergency Medicine postgraduate candidate?

Answer: The MD in Emergency Medicine candidate’s average salary is between Rs. 12,00,000 to Rs. 24,00,000 per annum depending on the experience.