COVID-19 vaccination induces Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria flare: Case report
Dr Kawthar Jarrah at Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon and colleagues have reported a rare case of exacerbation of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria following COVID-19 vaccination. The case has been published in the journal of Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired hematological illness caused by a hereditary mutation in the X-linked gene phosphatidylinositol glycan class A. (PIGA). As a result, PNH patients are more likely to develop intravascular hemolysis, cytopenia, organ failure, thrombosis, and hypocellular or dysplastic bone marrow.
According to the history, 29-year-old female reported to the clinic for examination of weariness and shortness of breath in the context of a recent start of pancytopenia. She had previously been healthy except for an abnormal complete blood count, mainly moderate thrombocytopenia that had not been addressed several years ago. Six months prior, she contracted a minor COVID-19 infection and was treated at home with supportive treatment. However, she began to have frequent headaches and palpitations after that. She received her first mRNA COVID-19 vaccination four months after recovering from COVID-19 illness (Pfizer BioNTech). A week later, she stated that her headache had worsened and that paracetamol had failed to relieve it. She denied any neurological or optical deficits.
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