Study Highlights Ultrasonic Viscoelastic Imaging as a Noninvasive Tool for Identifying Proliferative Lupus Nephritis

"Ultrasonic viscoelastic imaging effectively differentiated proliferative lupus nephritis from non-proliferative cases, with significantly higher viscosity (Vmean) and dispersion (Dmean) coefficients in PLN. Vmean, along with serum creatinine, showed strong predictive value for PLN. A combined model (AUC: 0.83) outperformed individual markers, reinforcing its potential as a reliable noninvasive diagnostic tool," the researchers wrote in the Journal of Inflammation Research.

PLN is characterized by inflammation and scarring in the kidneys, often leading to progressive renal damage if not detected and managed promptly. The researchers note that conventional diagnostic approaches, particularly kidney biopsies, remain the gold standard for confirming PLN. However, biopsies are invasive, pose procedural risks, and may not always be feasible for all patients. Ultrasonic viscoelastic imaging, which assesses tissue stiffness and elasticity, emerges as a viable alternative to detect kidney abnormalities associated with PLN.

Against the above background, Han Yuan, Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China, and colleagues aimed to assess the effectiveness of ultrasonic viscoelastic imaging in predicting proliferative lupus nephritis.

For this purpose, the researchers prospectively analyzed 143 lupus nephritis (LN) patients who underwent kidney biopsies between May 2023 and June 2024, along with 60 healthy volunteers as a control group. Among the LN patients, 90 had PLN, while 53 had nonproliferative lupus nephritis (nPLN). Ultrasonic viscoelastic imaging was used to measure kidney cortex elasticity (Emean), viscosity coefficient (Vmean), and dispersion coefficient (Dmean). Lesion severity was assessed using the NIH 2018 activity and chronicity index. The study examined correlations between viscoelastic parameters, clinicopathological features, and conventional ultrasound findings.

The investigation led to the following findings:

• The viscoelastic parameters (Emean, Vmean, and Dmean) varied significantly among healthy individuals, PLN patients, and nPLN patients.
• PLN and nPLN patients had higher Emean, Vmean, and Dmean values than the control group.
• Vmean and Dmean were notably higher in PLN patients compared to nPLN patients.
• Vmean (OR 89.49), serum creatinine (Scr) (OR 110.57), and anti-dsDNA (OR 1.0) were strong predictors of PLN.
• The combined predictive model had an AUC of 0.83, outperforming any single indicator.
• Peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the interlobar artery influenced Emean.
• Dmean was affected by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), activity index, and body mass index (BMI).
• Activity index was a key factor influencing Vmean.
• Vmean showed a positive correlation with both the activity index and chronicity index (r = 0.34).
• Dmean also correlated positively with the activity index (r = 0.43) and chronicity index (r = 0.20).

"The findings indicated that ultrasonic viscoelastic imaging serves as a noninvasive tool for predicting PLN by accurately assessing tissue viscosity," the researchers concluded.

Reference:

Yuan H, Chen Y, Wei L, Liao X, Gao Y. Noninvasive Quantitative Evaluation of Proliferative Lupus Nephritis Based on Ultrasonic Viscoelastic Imaging. J Inflamm Res. 2025;18:3269-3281. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S505223