The most prevalent type of arm tremor is called essential tremor (ET). The central tremor-generating network can be modulated by transcutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (TPNS). Thus, this study was set to determine if a TPNS device powered by artificial intelligence (AI) is more effective at lowering ET than a sham device.
From February 7 to August 9, 2024, 12 outpatient neurology clinics in China and the United States participated in a randomized clinical study. The adults with upper-extremity tremor who had been clinically diagnosed with ET were included. The participants had a total performance subscale score of at least 7, were familiar with using a smartphone and connecting to Wi-Fi at home, and had a tremor severity score of 2 or higher on one of the Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS) performance subscale tasks.
The subjects were classified by the severity of their tremors and the usage of ET medicines, and they were randomized 2:1 to receive either sham stimulation or active TPNS. The participants were told to utilize the gadgets during the day for 90 days after they were installed.
The main intervention consisted of a wearable neuromodulation device that stimulates the radial, median, and ulnar nerves and employs artificial intelligence to continually alter stimulation levels in real time. In the intention-to-treat population, the primary outcome was change in daily activities as measured by TETRAS's modified Activities of Daily Living (mADL) subscale at 90 days.
Out of the 133 people who were screened, 125 were randomly assigned to either TPNS (n = 83) or sham (n = 42) therapy. There were 62 (49.6%) females and 63 (50.4%) males, with a mean (SD) age of 64.9 (13.1) years and a mean (SD) duration of tremor of 11.4 (13.1) years. In the TPNS group, the mADL score decreased by 6.9 points (95% CI, 5.4-8.4) after 90 days, while in the sham group, it decreased by 2.7 points (95% CI, 1.3-4.0) (P <.001).
The most frequent adverse event linked to the device was skin irritation, which happened to 2 out of 42 participants (4.8%) in the sham group and 28 out of 83 participants (33.7%) in the TPNS group. One person in the TPNS group had nausea, arthralgia, exacerbation of pre-existing thumb arthritis, muscular weakness, and involuntary muscle spasms. Overall, at 90 days, the TPNS device enhanced upper limb tremor-related activities.
Source:
Ondo, W. G., Lv, W., Zhu, X., Hu, Y., Isaacson, S. H., Yuan, Y., Espay, A. J., Kreitzman, D., Kuo, S.-H., Brillman, S., Shill, H. A., Lyons, K. E., Yang, Z., Zhao, Q., Zhang, Z., & Pahwa, R. (2025). Transcutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for essential tremor: A randomized clinical trial: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.3905
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