Cervical fibroid: A diagnostic dilemma and operative challenge
Uterine fibroids are the most common benign smooth muscle tumour in women of the reproductive age group. Despite having a fairly high frequency of 70%, uterine fibroid only impacts 20–40% of females symptomatically. Ninety-five percent of leiomyomas are found in the uterine corpus; just one to two percent are seen in the cervical region. These tumours are estrogen-dependent. The cervical fibroid can arise either from the supravaginal or infravaginal portion of the cervix. It may originate from the anterior, posterior, central, or lateral regions. Cervical fibroid is classified as type 8 in the FIGO classification of uterine fibroid. Cervical fibroid may be present with varied symptoms like irregular vaginal bleeding, heavy menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and pressure effects caused disturbance in bladder and bowel habits.
Cervical leiomyoma can change the shape of the cervix and cause its lengthening and effacement. It can also cause the uterus to push upwards or the bladder to be drawn up when its size increases, which causes urinary tract infections. Cervical fibroid may have an impact on a woman’s obstetric outcomes because it can result in abortion, infertility, early discomfort, more surgical intervention, and a protracted postpartum recovery. Sometimes it is difficult to reach the diagnosis of cervical fibroid as it mimics various other gynaecological conditions or because of some atypical presentation like polypoidal vaginal mass, incarcerated procidentia, chronic uterine inversion, uterocervical descent, ovarian mass, acute urinary retention, or cervical carcinoma.
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