Temporary Uterine Artery Clamping Beneficial in Reducing Postpartum Hemorrhage During Cesarean Sections: Study

Cesarean sections are the most frequently performed abdominal surgeries globally, with rates rising in both developed and developing nations. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during these procedures can result in maternal morbidity, extended hospital stays, and heightened mortality rates. While numerous non-surgical strategies are suggested for preventing PPH, surgical interventions like uterine artery ligation and embolization have proven effective in managing this serious complication.

Against the above background, Lorena Sabonet- Morente, Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Málaga University, Málaga, Spain, and colleagues seek to assess the efficacy of a surgical technique involving temporary bilateral clamping of the uterine arteries as a method to minimize blood loss during cesarean sections.

For this purpose, a longitudinal prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted with an initial cohort of 180 patients at the University Hospital Regional de Málaga from November 2023 to January 2024. Patients were divided into two groups based on the application of the clamping technique during their cesarean sections. The study focused on evaluating hemoglobin levels before and after surgery, hospitalization durations, and the incidence of anemia at discharge as the primary outcomes.

The following were the key findings of the study:

• The patients who underwent the clamping technique demonstrated significant reductions in hemoglobin differences (0.80 g/dL) compared to the control group (1.42 g/dL).
• The technique also resulted in shorter hospital stays (3.02 days versus 3.90 days) and a lower prevalence of anemia at discharge (76.2% versus 60%).

The study revealed that the use of temporary clamping of the uterine arteries during cesarean sections following fetal delivery may effectively prevent postpartum hemorrhage while also reducing hospital stays and anemia rates at discharge. This approach could yield significant medical and economic advantages.

The researchers noted that compared to other surgical techniques, such as the tourniquet method, this clamping technique is simpler to perform, maintains effectiveness regardless of surgical duration, and does not require readjustment to sustain reduced blood flow.

"The absence of complications and the ease of implementing this technique suggest the need for further studies to confirm its benefits. This research could help determine whether this method is suitable for widespread use or should be limited to specific contexts or indications," they concluded.

Reference:

Gómez-Castellano, M., Sabonet- Morente, L., López-Zambrano, M.A. et al. Temporary clamping of the uterine arteries versus coventional technique for the prevention of postpartum hemorrage during cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 24, 608 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06799-z