Alcohol and Smoking Increase Risk of development of Glaucoma: BMJ

A recent retrospective study published in the BMJ Open found the potential connections between alcohol consumption, smoking, and the development of glaucoma in individuals suspected to have the condition. The study followed 610 patients with glaucoma suspect eyes and normal visual fields over an average of nine years, provides valuable insights into lifestyle-related factors influencing glaucomatous vision loss.

The research, part of the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES), found that among the 825 eyes studied, 28.5% eventually displayed a consistent pattern of abnormal visual field tests – a key indicator of glaucoma development.

The findings revealed a significant association between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of developing glaucoma. Those who consumed alcohol were found to have a 57% higher risk, emphasizing the potential link between alcohol and the progression of the disease.

Interestingly, gender and ethnicity played a role in this association. For men, the risk of developing glaucoma was even higher among alcohol drinkers, with a 92% increased risk compared to non-drinkers. Similarly, individuals of African descent who consumed alcohol were 79% more likely to develop glaucoma compared to non-drinkers.

Another key finding pertained to smoking and its impact on glaucoma risk. Age, it was discovered, acted as a modifier in this relationship. Older patients, aged over 61, who smoked had a 73% higher risk of developing glaucoma compared to non-smokers, even after adjusting for confounding factors.

These findings underline the importance of considering lifestyle-related factors when evaluating glaucoma risk and progression. Glaucoma, often called the "silent thief of sight," can lead to irreversible vision loss if not managed effectively. Understanding the role of alcohol and smoking in glaucoma development, as indicated by this study, may lead to more targeted prevention and management strategies.

This study represents a significant step toward understanding the interplay between lifestyle choices and eye health, potentially helping patients and healthcare professionals in the early identification and management of glaucoma. 

Source:

Mahmoudinezhad, G., Nishida, T., Weinreb, R. N., Baxter, S. L., Chang, A. C., Nikkhoy, N., Walker, E., Liebmann, J. M., Girkin, C. A., & Moghimi, S. (2023). Associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with the development of open angle glaucoma: a retrospective cohort study. In BMJ Open (Vol. 13, Issue 10, p. e072163). BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072163