Enhancing patient care and quality of life- Industry 5.0 in Orthopaedics

Industrial revolutions play a major role in the development of technologies in various fields. Currently, the world is marching towards softwarization and digitalization. There is an emerging need for conversion of Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 for technological development and implementation of the same in the digital era. In health care, digitalization emerged in Industry 4.0 revolution. To enhance patient care and quality of life, Industry 5.0 plays a major role in providing patient-centric care and customization and personalization of products. The integration of human intelligence with artificial intelligence provides a precise diagnosis and enhances the recovery and functional outcome of the patients.

In the article published in Indian Journal of Orthopaedics by Madhan Jeyaraman et al, the domains and limitations of Industry 5.0 and further research on Industry 6.0 were elaborated on to bring out technologies in better health care.

Industry 1.0

Mechanisation, Introduction of machines to support manpower

Industry 2.0

Technological Revolution, Mass production of Orthopaedic tools and implants

Industry 3.0

Automation Revolution, Cyberphysical and Smart technology based production

Industry 4.0

Digital Revolution, Computer and Information Technology assisted production in Orthopaedics

Industry 5.0

Personalization and Customisation, Patient centered trauma and orthopaedics instrumentation and devices

Industry 5.0 lessens the work of medical professionals and integrates software-based diagnosis and management. It provides cost-effective manufacturing solutions with limited resources compared to Industry 4.0. Industry 5.0 focuses on SMART and additive manufacturing of implants, and the development of bio-scaffolds, prosthetics, and instruments.

Domains of Industry 5.0 in Orthopaedics:

 Personalization & Customization

 IoT networks - Super Computing,

 Block chain technology & Fog computing,

 Advanced automation and Ingenuity

 Cobots,

 4D Scanning and Printing,

 Computer Aided Design & Neural Networks,

 4D Bio-printing,

 Additive & SMART Manufacturing,

 Holographic & Motion Analysis,

 Bio-Banking - Organoids & Spheroids

Limitations of Industry 5.0

The major drawbacks of the concepts of Industry 5.0 involve the configurability, extensibility, supportability, portability, sustainability, and security of the designed software architecture.

Further, there is lack of skilled technicians and professionals including cyber-physical systems analysts, collaborative operators, artificial intelligence operators, and virtual device linkers to operate the intricate networks and paradigms.

The authors concluded that - The evolution of the 5th industrial revolution over the recent years paved the way for the 'personalization and customized manufacturing' of products. The emergence of collaborative robots digitalizes the operating room. Henceforth, it decreases the surgical duration, the iatrogenic complications, and thereby improving the patient-reported outcome measures. The shift of paradigm from obtaining expertized opinion to deep learning with computer-assisted detection sets the target of human-error free diagnosis, especially fracture screening in the sub-speciality of traumatology. The 'advanced automation and digitalization' improve diagnostic precision and newer therapeutic interventions and enhanced the possibility of remote monitoring. Further, the inception of 4D diagnostics, bio-scaffolds and organoid manufacturing technologies in this revolution intensified the growth of regenerative orthopaedics. Nevertheless, the amalgamation of human intelligence with machine learning foreshadows the inevitable perspective of this technology in the practice of technological orthopaedics.

Further reading:

Industry 5.0 in Orthopaedics Madhan Jeyaraman, Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy, Naveen Jeyaraman Indian Journal of Orthopaedics (2022) 56:1694–1702 https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-022-00712-6