New blood may accurately identify knee osteoarthritis progression

USA: Researchers in a new study published in the journal Science Advances have identified a new blood test that can predict the osteoarthritis progression in the knee and is more accurate than current methods. The finding provides an important tool to advance research and speed the discovery of new therapies. 

The test relies on a biomarker and fills an important void in medical research for a common disease that currently lacks effective treatments. Without a good way to identify and accurately predict the risk of osteoarthritis progression, researchers have been largely unable to include the right patients in clinical trials to test whether therapy is beneficial.

“Therapies are lacking, but it’s difficult to develop and test new therapies because we don’t have a good way to determine the right patients for the therapy,” said Virginia Byers Kraus, M.D., Ph.D., a professor in the departments of Medicine, Pathology and Orthopedic Surgery at Duke University School of Medicine and senior author of a study appearing online Jan. 25 in the journal Science Advances.

“It’s a chicken-and-the-egg predicament,” Kraus said. “In the immediate future, this new test will help identify people with a high risk of progressive disease -- those likely to have both pain and worsening damage identified on X-rays-who should be enrolled in clinical trials. Then we can learn if therapy is beneficial.”

Kraus and colleagues isolated more than a dozen molecules in the blood associated with the progression of osteoarthritis, which is the most common joint disorder in the United States. It afflicts 10% of men and 13% of women over 60 and is a major cause of disability.

With further honing, the researchers narrowed the blood test to a set of 15 markers that correspond to 13 total proteins. These markers accurately predicted 73% of progressors from non-progressors among 596 people with knee osteoarthritis.

The prediction rate for the new blood biomarker was far better than the current approaches. Assessing baseline structural osteoarthritis and pain severity is 59% accurate, while the current biomarker testing molecules from urine is 58% accurate.

The new, blood-based marker set also successfully identified the group of patients whose joints show progression in X-ray scans, regardless of pain symptoms.

“In addition to being more accurate, this new biomarker has the additional advantage of being a blood-based test,” Kraus said. “Blood is a readily accessible biospecimen, making it an important way to identify people for clinical trial enrollment and those most in need of treatment.”

Reference:

Kaile Zhou, Yi-Ju Li, Erik J. Soderblom, Alexander Reed, Vaibhav Jain, Shuming Sun, M. Arthur Moseley, Virginia Byers Kraus SCIENCE ADVANCES 25 Jan 2023 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5095