Air pollution linked to adverse birth outcomes, reveals Indian study

To address this knowledge gap, the researchers investigated the impact of ambient air pollution on adverse birth outcomes at the national level, focusing on low birth weight and preterm birth, and used different geospatial models to highlight vulnerable areas. The analysis provided evidence of the association between in-utero exposure to PM2.5 and adverse birth outcomes by leveraging satellite data and large-scale survey data. The individual-level analysis revealed that an increase in ambient PM2.5 is associated with a greater likelihood of low birth weight and preterm birth. Climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature were also linked to adverse birth outcomes. Children residing in the Northern districts of India appeared to be more susceptible to the adverse effects of ambient air pollution.

According to the authors, the geostatistical analysis underscores the need for targeted interventions, particularly in Northern districts. In addition, the National Clean Air Program should be intensified, with stricter emission standards and enhanced air quality monitoring. Climate adaptation strategies, such as developing heat action plans and improving water management, should be incorporated into public health planning to mitigate the effects of extreme temperatures and irregular rainfall. Public health initiatives should be implemented to raise awareness of the risks of air pollution and climate change, particularly among pregnant women.  

Reference:

Arup Jana, Malay Pramanik, In-utero exposure to PM2.5 and adverse birth outcomes in India: Geostatistical modelling using remote sensing and demographic health survey data 2019–21, PLOS Global Public Health, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003798.