GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Misuse Common Among People With Eating Disorders: JAMA
Written By : Medha Baranwal
Medically Reviewed By : Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli
Published On 2026-06-26 14:45 GMT | Update On 2026-06-26 14:45 GMT
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USA: Researchers have found in a cross-sectional study that the use and misuse of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) were common among individuals with eating disorders, with lifetime use exceeding the approximately 15% prevalence reported in the general adult population.
The findings highlight concerns that some individuals may be using these medications in inappropriate or contraindicated ways to support eating disorder behaviors, including rapid food restriction and weight loss. Given the clinical diversity and vulnerability of this population, careful screening, monitoring, and multidisciplinary management are essential when considering GLP-1 RA therapy in patients with current or past eating disorders.
The findings, published in a research letter in JAMA Psychiatry by Nicholas C. Peiper and colleagues from the University of Louisville, were prompted by concerns that some individuals with eating disorders may be using GLP-1 receptor agonists, including semaglutide and tirzepatide, to support disordered eating behaviors. The researchers also highlighted the growing availability of compounded and unregulated GLP-1 products amid shortages of commercially available medications.
For the interim analysis, the team evaluated data collected between December 2025 and January 2026 from an ongoing cross-sectional study involving participants recruited through research networks, national organizations, and online outreach. Participants completed an online survey assessing GLP-1 RA use, misuse, and related health characteristics.
GLP-1 RA use was defined as the use of semaglutide, tirzepatide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, or exenatide for diabetes or weight management. Misuse included taking doses outside prescribed recommendations, altering dosing schedules, extending treatment duration without guidance, tampering with injection devices, or sharing medications. The study also assessed the use of compounded, non-commercial GLP-1 products.
Key Findings:
- Of the 557 individuals screened, 436 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis.
- Nearly one-third of participants (32.1%) reported lifetime use of a GLP-1 receptor agonist, while 22.0% reported current use.
- Lifetime misuse of GLP-1 receptor agonists was reported by 10.1% of participants.
- Use of compounded (non-commercial) GLP-1 products was reported by 9.9% of participants.
- Psychiatric and medical comorbidities were common among individuals with eating disorders included in the study.
- Adverse events were frequently reported among participants who had used GLP-1 receptor agonists, with the frequency varying by type of side effect.
The researchers noted that GLP-1 receptor agonists are approved for conditions such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk reduction, and certain metabolic disorders, but not for the treatment of eating disorders. They emphasized the need for enhanced pharmacovigilance and greater clinician awareness as newer formulations and oral GLP-1 therapies enter the market.
The authors acknowledged that the study's cross-sectional design, non-probability sampling, and reliance on self-reported data limit causal interpretation. Nevertheless, they highlighted the need for further research on GLP-1 RA misuse, access pathways, reasons for use, and the influence of marketing and off-label prescribing among individuals with eating disorders.
Reference:
Peiper NC, Zibbell JE, LaJoie AS, Wahlang B, Krishnasamy SS, Levinson CA. Use and Misuse of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among People With Eating Disorders. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online June 24, 2026. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2026.1716
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