Non-invasive ventilation and early mobilization improves VAP prevention: Study

A recent study published in the Journal of Hospital Infection found selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) and the non-invasive ventilation (NIV) use to protect against Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) which is a significant threat to critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation.

The comprehensive analysis reviewed a total of 34 interventions across 31 studies and identified the key strategies to reduce the incidence of VAP in intensive care practices. VAP poses a formidable challenge in critical care, with its incidence directly impacting the patient outcomes and healthcare costs. The meticulous review of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials revealed that 19 of the total interventions studied markedly reduced VAP incidents. This study highlighted the effectiveness of selective decontamination of the digestive tract and the use of non-invasive ventilation in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation as the most promising preventive measures.

SDD involved the application of topical antibiotics in the oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract and was backed by highly suggestive (Class II) evidence showing a risk ratio (RR) of 0.439. This indicates a significant reduction in VAP rates among the patients receiving SDD when compared to the individuals who did not. Also, NIV showed a compelling reduction in VAP incidence, with its evidence strength upgraded to highly suggestive (Class II) based on a risk ratio of 0.32 that highlights its efficacy in safely reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation.