Obstructive sleep apnea linked with low bone mineral density: Study

The researchers at University at Buffalo used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-a type of X-ray-to measure bone density in the head and neck of 38 adult participants, half of whom had obstructive sleep apnea.

When controlling for age, sex and weight, the participants with obstructive sleep apnea had significantly lower bone mineral density than those without the condition.

Obstructive sleep apnea, which is characterized by difficulty breathing while asleep, can cause hypoxia (low levels of oxygen in the body), inflammation, oxidative stress and shortened breathing patterns. Each of these symptoms may have a chronic negative effect on bone metabolism and, ultimately, bone density, says Al-Jewair.

“While the link between obstructive sleep apnea and low bone mineral density has yet to be fully explored, this study offers new evidence on their connection that could have several implications for orthodontic treatment,” says Al-Jewair, also assistant dean for equity, diversity and inclusion in the UB School of Dental Medicine.

“If a patient has been diagnosed with sleep apnea, this can influence treatment planning and management. CBCT imaging has become an integral part of daily orthodontic practice and could be used as a screening tool for low bone mineral density,” she said. “Orthodontists could then inform their patients of their propensity for low bone mineral density and encourage them to seek further consultation with their physician, as well as warn the patient of possible adverse outcomes, increased risks and effects on treatment time.”

Reference:

Mira Daljeet, Stephen Warunek, David A. Covell, Alberto Monegro, Terry Giangreco & Thikriat Al-Jewair (2022) Association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and bone mineral density in adult orthodontic populations, CRANIO®, DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2142724