Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Updates First-Trimester Ultrasound Terms: Outdated Language Phased Out for Better Clarity

In response to this need, the Society has developed a new lexicon that includes recommended terms and phrases to use, as well as those to avoid. Terms that have become outdated or confusing, such as "fetal pole," "pseudosac," and "angular pregnancy," are being phased out. The term "pregnancy failure," which may be distressing for patients, is replaced by "early pregnancy loss" (EPL) along with modifiers such as "concerning for," "diagnostic of," "in progress," "incomplete," and "completed."

The term "cardiac activity" is recommended over "heart motion" or "heartbeat" for describing fetal cardiac function in the first trimester. Additionally, terms like "live," "living," and "viable" are advised against to avoid ambiguity and ensure clarity.

The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound’s First-Trimester US Lexicon advocates for using clear, scientific, and precise terminology to ensure effective communication across disciplines, reduce bias and harm, and honor patient preferences. The consensus recommendations were jointly published in Radiology and the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 

The authors aimed to establish clear, logical, and respectful terminology for diagnosing and managing first-trimester pregnancies, with panelists achieving either unanimous or 80% agreement on the preferred terms. They recommended abandoning outdated terms such as "fetal pole," "pseudosac," and "angular pregnancy," and advised against using "viable," "live," or "living." These terms, they noted, could be misused outside the medical field for political or legislative purposes.

The definition of ectopic pregnancy was expanded to include any pregnancy implanted in an abnormal location, with the specific location (e.g., tubal, interstitial, cervical) preceding "ectopic pregnancy" in reports. This expanded definition now includes both extrauterine and intrauterine sites, such as cesarean scar implantations, to highlight the significant risk of maternal morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancies.

Dr. Shuchi Rodgers from Sidney Kimmel Medical School at Thomas Jefferson University and chair of the panel emphasized in a press release that many commonly used terms are outdated, confusing, or inconsistently applied. The panel's goal was to develop terminology that is clear, specific, scientifically grounded, and medically appropriate, aiming to reduce potential bias and harm.

The key results were as follows:

• Early pregnancy loss" is now preferred over "pregnancy failure" and should be used with modifiers such as concerning for, diagnostic of, in progress, incomplete, and completed.
• Cardiac activity" should be used instead of "heart motion" during the first trimester, and terms like "live," "living," and "viable" should be avoided.
• The term "ectopic pregnancy" refers to any pregnancy implanted in an abnormal location, encompassing both extrauterine and intrauterine sites, such as the cervix or a cesarean scar.

In their conclusion, the authors highlighted the need for evolving terminology to match advancements in transvaginal ultrasound technology, ensuring that language for interpretation and communication remains consistent and well-defined.

Reference:

Rodgers SK, et al "A lexicon for first-trimester US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus conference recommendations" Radiology 2024; DOI: 10.1148/radiol.240122.