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Passive smoking during pregnancy tied to increased risk of atopic dermatitis in offspring: Study
China: A recent meta-analysis published in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology has shown an association between passive smoking during pregnancy and an increased risk of eczema development in offspring.
Atopic dermatitis (eczema), a condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin, is common worldwide. Several studies have explored the modifiable factors of atopic dermatitis (AD), including smoking. The adverse effects of smoking on asthma have been well documented in adolescents, however, the implications of smoking on atopic dermatitis are controversial.
The findings are contradictory and could be due to disparities in study design and covariables adjusted for in the analysis. For instance, the results of a few prospective cohort studies, which reported non-significant or negative correlations between atopic dermatitis and passive smoking, may have exhibited selection bias due to the inclusion of restricted residential regions and a lack of compliance with the survey or involving a small study population. Additionally, because AD generally develops in young individuals and it is rare for children to smoke, the focus of the majority of studies has been the effects of passive smoking on atopic dermatitis in children
Against the above background, Wenjie Ren, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China, and colleagues examine the evidence of the relationship between active smoking or passive smoking during pregnancy and atopic dermatitis (AD) in offspring.
For this purpose, the protocol was written following the PRISMA Checklist and was registered in the PROSPERO database. The researchers searched online databases to identify all potentially related articles from inception through 1 December 2022. Cohort and case–control studies were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of cross-sectional studies.
Heterogeneity was determined using Cochrane Q tests and I2 statistics. Additionally, the reasons for the heterogeneity were analyzed according to the population source, research design, and population size. Fifteen observational studies were included in the analysis.
"Our meta-analysis suggests that atopic dermatitis in offspring is not associated with active smoking during pregnancy (pooled OR, 0.96), however, it is related to passive smoking (OR, 1.52)," the researchers reported.
"Passive smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of eczema development in offspring."
"More research is required to explore the risk of active smoking and atopic dermatitis development in offspring, particularly the association between measurements of pregnancy cotinine levels in maternal body fluids and AD in offspring," they concluded.
Reference:
Chao, L., Liang, W., Zhao, X., Liang, Z., Wu, W., Song, J., & Ren, W. Maternal tobacco exposure during pregnancy and atopic dermatitis in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.19958
MSc. Biotechnology
Medha Baranwal joined Medical Dialogues as an Editor in 2018 for Speciality Medical Dialogues. She covers several medical specialties including Cardiac Sciences, Dentistry, Diabetes and Endo, Diagnostics, ENT, Gastroenterology, Neurosciences, and Radiology. She has completed her Bachelors in Biomedical Sciences from DU and then pursued Masters in Biotechnology from Amity University. She has a working experience of 5 years in the field of medical research writing, scientific writing, content writing, and content management. She can be contacted at  editorial@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751
Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: drkohli@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751