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  • Hydroxychloroquine...

Hydroxychloroquine Reduces Diabetes Risk in Primary Sjogren Syndrome Patients: Study

Written By : Dr Riya Dave |Medically Reviewed By : Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli Published On 2025-06-06T12:00:37+05:30  |  Updated On 6 Jun 2025 4:25 PM IST
Hydroxychloroquine Reduces Diabetes Risk in Primary Sjogren Syndrome Patients: Study
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According to a nationwide study published in Arthritis Research & Therapy, it has been found that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) significantly lowers the risk of new-onset diabetes in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). This protective effect may also help offset the diabetes risk linked to high-dose glucocorticoid therapy when both treatments are used together. The study was conducted by Wei-Sheng Chen and fellow researchers.

Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune condition that is treated chronically with HCQ and glucocorticoids. Although HCQ was found to decrease diabetes risk among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, glucocorticoids disrupt glucose metabolism and create a risk for new-onset diabetes. This research aimed to determine the impact of HCQ and glucocorticoids, either alone or in combination, on the risk of diabetes in pSS patients.

This study analyzed data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, covering the years 2006 to 2015.Patients with pSS were identified and monitored for a mean of 4.89 years. A total of 7,311 patients were enrolled, including 4,874 HCQ users and 2,437 nonusers. Investigators used multivariate analyses, Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and Cox proportional hazard models to examine the effect of HCQ use and glucocorticoid dosing and use on diabetes incidence.

Key Findings

• Among 7,311 pSS patients, 497 developed incident diabetes during follow-up.

• Those with moderate use of HCQ (151–350 cumulative defined daily doses or cDDD) had a 40% lower risk of developing diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.600, 95% CI: 0.454–0.794) than nonusers.

• Those with excessive HCQ intake (≥ 351 cDDD) had a 67% lower risk (aHR: 0.326, 95% CI: 0.246–0.433) than nonusers.

• On the contrary, those with excessive glucocorticoid exposure (≥ 151 cDDD) had an 83% higher risk of developing diabetes (aHR: 1.833, 95% CI: 1.410–2.383).

• But in patients given both high-dose HCQ and high-dose glucocorticoids, there was a 37% decreased risk of diabetes (aHR: 0.632, 95% CI: 0.421–0.948, P < 0.01), suggesting protective effect of HCQ despite glucocorticoid-induced risk of metabolic disturbances.

This national cohort study demonstrated that hydroxychloroquine has a significant protective effect against the development of diabetes in those with primary Sjögren syndrome, and especially if given at higher doses. Even though high-dose glucocorticoids carry a risk of inducing diabetes, this can be prevented by the concomitant use of HCQ, validating its adjunct therapeutic use in autoimmune disease treatment.

Reference:

Chen, WS., Hsu, HC., Lin, TM. et al. Hydroxychloroquine dose-dependently reduces the risk of incident diabetes in primary Sjögren syndrome patients on glucocorticoids: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 27, 88 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-025-03542-7
Arthritis Research & TherapyHydroxychloroquineSjögren syndromeDiabetes mellitusGlucocorticoidsAutoimmune diseasePrimary Sjögren syndromeRisk mitigationTaiwan National Health DatabaseDose-responseImmunosuppressive therapy
Source : Arthritis Research & Therapy
Dr Riya Dave
Dr Riya Dave

    Dr Riya Dave has completed dentistry from Gujarat University in 2022. She is a dentist and accomplished medical and scientific writer known for her commitment to bridging the gap between clinical expertise and accessible healthcare information. She has been actively involved in writing blogs related to health and wellness.

    Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli
    Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli

    Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: drkohli@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751

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