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  • High-fiber diet key to...

High-fiber diet key to prevent gut infection even in lean people: Study

Written By : Hina Zahid |Medically Reviewed By : Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli Published On 2021-08-09T09:00:55+05:30  |  Updated On 9 Aug 2021 9:00 AM IST
High-fiber diet key to prevent gut infection even in lean people: Study
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Leaner people who do not eat enough fiber are at similar risk of gut infection as obese adults.

Canada: Low dietary fiber may increase the risk of gut infection even in leaner people, a recent study has found. This implies that more than body mass, diet plays a critical role in the risk of gut infection, and consuming more fiber may be the key to prevention.

According to the study, published in the American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, low dietary fiber combined with oral antibiotics may promote the expansion of Crohn's disease-associated pathobionts in the gut.

Obesity is associated with developing chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease and fatty liver disease. Previous research suggests being overweight can also raise the risk and severity of bacterial infection. However, less is known about whether following a diet that tends to cause obesity is enough to increase bacterial infection risks without being obese.

Researchers from Canada examined the effects of diet and obesity on a mouse model of a bacterial infection caused by excess adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) in the intestinal tract. AIEC is a microorganism that may cause harm only under certain circumstances. People who have the inflammatory bowel disorder Crohn's disease may have too much AIEC (called an expansion) in their digestive tract, which can be exacerbated by antibiotic use. Previous studies have found that obesity and related factors, such as a high-fat and high-sugar diet, may change the composition of the gut microbiome enough to increase the risk of inflammation and infection. The typical Western diet containing highly processed foods also tends to be low in fiber. However, it's not clear if this type of diet is enough to predispose people to bacterial infection.

Obese mice followed two high-fat (60% and 45% fat), low-fiber diets. All of the animals developed AIEC expansion in the colon. The mice on the 60% fat diet had a higher body mass than those eating the 45% fat chow, but there was no significant difference in the amount of AIEC (AIEC burden) in their systems. "These data suggested that an aspect of diet composition rather than the magnitude of host obesity was sufficient to promote intestinal AIEC expansion," the researchers wrote.

The research team fed lean mice a high-fat diet on a short-term basis before significant obesity occurred to explore the effect of diet on AIEC burden. After the animals were exposed to AIEC, the lean mice eating the high-fat diet had more AIEC expansion than the controls (lean mice on a normal diet). These results "indicate that diet can regulate AIEC infectious burden independent of changes in body mass leading to obesity," the researchers wrote. Finally, the research team found that mice on a low-fat, low-fiber diet had higher AIEC burden than those eating a normal diet, suggesting that dietary fat was not the key ingredient, but "ingestion of lower dietary fiber is sufficient to promote expansion of AIEC throughout the gut."

One takeaway from this study is that people who are leaner may have similar risks of gut infection if they don't eat enough fiber. "Our data show that dietary fiber is a standalone factor," the researchers wrote.

Reference:

The study titled, "Low dietary fiber promotes enteric expansion of a Crohn's disease-associated pathobiont independent of obesity," is published in the American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism.

DOI: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajpendo.00134.2021

gut infectionAmerican Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolismobesityhigh fiber diet
Source : American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Hina Zahid
Hina Zahid

    Hina Zahid Joined Medical Dialogue in 2017 with a passion to work as a Reporter. She coordinates with various national and international journals and association and covers all the stories related to Medical guidelines, Medical Journals, rare medical surgeries as well as all the updates in the medical field. Email: editorial@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751

    Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli
    Dr. Kamal Kant Kohli

    Dr Kamal Kant Kohli-MBBS, DTCD- a chest specialist with more than 30 years of practice and a flair for writing clinical articles, Dr Kamal Kant Kohli joined Medical Dialogues as a Chief Editor of Medical News. Besides writing articles, as an editor, he proofreads and verifies all the medical content published on Medical Dialogues including those coming from journals, studies,medical conferences,guidelines etc. Email: drkohli@medicaldialogues.in. Contact no. 011-43720751

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