Acebrophylline

Acebrophylline is an Anti-asthamaticagent belonging to the pharmacology class of Bronchodilator.

Acebrophylline is used in the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, Cystic Fibrosis.

After oral administration of acebrophylline, the two components of the molecule ambroxol and theophylline-7-acetic acid are released in the stomach and absorbed in the intestine, reaching optimal concentrations of ambroxol within 2hrs and of theophylline-7-acetic acid after 1 hr. The plasma half life varies from 4 to 9 hrs after oral administration. The drug is metabolized in the liver and eliminated renally..

Acebrophylline is available in the form of dosage forms as Tablets and capsules.

Acebrophylline is available in India, France, Japan, and the USA.

Acebrophylline inhibits intracellular phosphodiesterase associated with CAMP levels and facilitates bronchial muscles relaxation. Acebrophylline selectively inhibits phosphatidylcholine and phospholipase A, TNF-alpha and leukotrienes, Inhibition of such pro-inflammatory mediators can significantly reduce the airway inflammation and obstruction in chronic stages.

Acebrophylline is available in the form of Tablets and capsules.

Acebrophylline is used in the treatment of Chronic Obstructive pulmonary Disease, Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, Cystic Fibrosis.

Acebrophylline inhibits intracellular phosphodiesterase and facilitates bronchial muscles relaxation by increasing cAMP levels. It selectively inhibits phosphatidyl choline and phospholipase A, TNF-alpha and leukotrienes.

Acebrophylline is approved for use in the following clinical indications:

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Acebrophylline may be prescribed to manage symptoms of COPD, such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It helps to open the airways, making it easier to breathe, and can reduce the production of thick mucus.
• Asthma: Acebrophylline may be used as an adjunct to standard asthma therapy to improve lung function and reduce the frequency of asthma symptoms.
• Chronic Bronchitis: It is often prescribed for individuals with chronic bronchitis to relieve cough and improve airway function. Bronchial Asthma: Acebrophylline can be used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, especially when the symptoms are not well controlled with other medications.
• Cystic Fibrosis: In some cases, it may be used as part of the treatment regimen for cystic fibrosis to help with airway clearance.

Acebrophylline is available in various dosage strengths as 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg.

Acebrophylline is available in the form of Tablets and capsules, Capsules.

Acebrophylline may be contraindicated in the following:

• Allergy to xanthine derivatives and ambroxol

• Low blood pressure or heart attack or abnormal heart rhythms

• Liver or kidney impairment

Pregnancy

Acebrophylline is not recommended for use during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. Consult your doctor if you are pregnant to understand the risk and benefits.

Breast-feeding

Acebrophylline is not recommended for use while breastfeeding. Consult your doctor and discuss the risks and benefits before taking this medicine.

General warnings

Other medicines

Acebrophylline may interact with other medicines and cause side effects. Hence, inform your doctor about all your current medicines including any herbs and supplements before beginning treatment with this medicine.

Use in the elderly

Acebrophylline should be used with caution in elderly people as the risk of side effects may be higher. If required, the doctor may recommend dose adjustments based on the clinical condition.

Acebrophylline use in breast feeding patients is not known.

The adverse reactions related to molecule Acebrophylline can be categorized as

• Common Adverse effects:

Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting, Dizziness, Heartburn, Stomach discomfort, Skin rash, Drowsiness

The clinically relevant drug interactions of Acebrophylline are briefly summarized here:

• Plasma concentration of acebrophylline may be increased with the concomitant administration of drugs like quinolones, cimetidine, erythromycin, Acebrophylline, lincomycin, and cephalexin
• Interaction with reserpine results in an increase in heart rate. Reserpine though, is rarely used nowadays
• Barbiturates such as phenytoin may reduce the plasma concentration and therefore the effectiveness of acebrophylline
• Concomitant use with frusemide increases diuresis, as a result of which the patient will have to pass urine more often
• Acebrophylline can worsen low blood potassium levels caused by drugs like steroids

The common side of Acebrophylline include the following

Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting, Dizziness, Heartburn, Stomach discomfort, Skin rash, Drowsiness.

Pharmacodynamics:

Acebrophylline belongs to the class of drugs called bronchodilators primarily used to prevent and treat symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). Asthma is a chronic (long-term) respiratory condition in which airways narrow, swell, and produce extra mucus, leading to difficulty in breathing. Copd is a group of lung diseases with emphysema (shortness of breath) and chronic bronchitis (inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes).

Acebrophyllineworks by relaxing muscles and widening the airways of the lungs. Additionally, acebrophylline also acts as mucolytic (cough/sputum thinner) agent and helps in thinning and loosening phlegm (mucus) in lungs, windpipe and nose. Thereby, it helps to cough out easily and makes breathing easier by opening airways.

Pharmacokinetics:

• Absorption:

Acebrophylline is administered orally, typically in the form of tablets or capsules. Theophylline, one of the active components, is well-absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, and absorption is influenced by factors such as food. Acetylcysteine is also absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.

• Distribution:

After absorption, theophylline is distributed throughout the body. It crosses cell membranes and distributes into various body tissues, including the lungs, heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. The distribution of acetylcysteine is primarily within the extracellular fluid and is rapidly metabolized in the body.

• Metabolism:

Theophylline undergoes hepatic metabolism. The liver enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes, metabolize theophylline into various metabolites. The metabolism of theophylline can be influenced by individual factors such as age, genetics, and interactions with other medications. Acetylcysteine is metabolized in the body to produce cysteine, which is an essential amino acid.

• Elimination:

Theophylline is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism. It is then excreted in the urine as metabolites. The elimination of theophylline can be affected by factors such as liver function, kidney function, and drug interactions. Acetylcysteine is also excreted primarily through the kidneys.

• https://www.pfizer.com/products/product-detail/altace
• https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/022021s008lbl.pdf
• https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00178