Bromhexine

Bromhexine is an antioxidant belonging to Mucolytic agent.

Bromhexine is a mucolytic drug used to decrease the viscosity of mucus in the airway, enhancing mucus clearance including the common cold, influenza, respiratory tract infections, or other conditions

Bromhexine is Rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Its Bioavailability: Approx 22.2 ± 8.5% (tab); 26.8 ± 13.1% (oral solution). It Crosses blood brain-barrier; placenta (small amounts). Plasma protein binding: 95% (unchanged drug).Bromhexine is almost completely metabolised to a variety of hydroxylated metabolites, including Bromhexine and dibromanthranilic acid and Undergoes extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. It gets excreted Via urine (approx 97.4 ± 1.9%; <1% as unchanged drug). Terminal elimination half-life: 6.6-31.4 hours (single dose).

The Tmax of Bromhexine was found within Approx 1 hour.

Bromhexine shows common side effects like Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis.

Bromhexine is available in the form of , solution, syrup, tablet.

Bromhexine is available in India, Germany, Canada, Italy.

Bromhexine is a mucolytic agent that acts on the mucus gland in the respiratory tract to change the structure of bronchial secretion. It enhances the transport of mucus by reducing its viscosity and increases cilia activity resulting in enhanced mucociliary clearance. This secretolytic and secretomotor effect in the bronchial tract facilitates expectoration and relieves cough.

Bromhexine is available in the form of solution, syrup and tablet.

Bromhexine is a mucolytic drug used to decrease the viscosity of mucus in the airway, enhancing mucus clearance including the common cold, influenza, respiratory tract infections, or other conditions.

Inflammation of the airways, increased mucus secretion, and altered mucociliary clearance are the hallmarks of various diseases of the respiratory tract. Mucus clearance is necessary for lung health; bromhexine aids in mucus clearance by reducing the viscosity of mucus and activating the ciliary epithelium, allowing secretions to be expelled from the respiratory tract.

Bromhexine is approved for use in the following clinical indications

• It is Indicated to reduce mucus viscosity and clear mucus in conditions associated with mucus hypersecretion, including the common cold, influenza, respiratory tract infections, or other conditions.

Oral

Mucolytic

Adult: For the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases or conditions associated with excessive mucous secretion: 8 mg tid as needed, may be increased to 16 mg tid for the 1st 7 days.

Child: 2-5 years 2 mg tid or 4 mg bid (Max: 8 mg daily); 6-11 years 4-8 mg tid (Max: 24 mg daily); ≥12 years Same as adult dose. 

Bromhexine is available in various strengths as 4 mg/5 mL, 8 mg/5 mL, 8 mg.

Bromhexine is available in the form of , solution, syrup, tablet.

Bromhexine is contraindicated for use in patients with known hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic reaction to bromhexine hydrochloride (or any of the other ingredients in the product).

Category A: Bromhexine has been taken by a large number of pregnant women and women of child bearing age without any proven increase in the frequency of malformations or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the foetus having been observed.

• Common Adverse effects

Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis.

• Less Common Adverse effects

Diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal pain.

• Rare Adverse effects

Rash, sweating, urticaria, pruritus.

Enhances the penetration of antibiotic agents (e.g. amoxicillin, erythromycin, cefuroxime) into bronchial secretions.

The common side effects of Bromhexine include the following Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis.

The oral LD50 of bromhexine in rats is 6 g/kg. The observed symptoms of accidental overdose with bromhexine are consistent with the known adverse effects of bromhexine, including headache, nausea, and vomiting, among other symptoms. Provide symptomatic treatment and contact poison control services if an overdose is confirmed or suspected

Pharmacodynamic

Bromhexine is a mucolytic agent that acts on the mucus gland in the respiratory tract to change the structure of bronchial secretion. It enhances the transport of mucus by reducing its viscosity and increases cilia activity resulting in enhanced mucociliary clearance. This secretolytic and secretomotor effect in the bronchial tract facilitates expectoration and relieves cough.

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability: Approx 22.2 ± 8.5% (tab); 26.8 ± 13.1% (oral solution). Time to peak plasma concentration: Approx 1 hour.
• Distribution: Crosses blood brain-barrier; placenta (small amounts). Plasma protein binding: 95% (unchanged drug).
• Metabolism: Almost completely metabolised to a variety of hydroxylated metabolites, including Bromhexine and dibromanthranilic acid. Undergoes extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism.
• Excretion: Via urine (approx 97.4 ± 1.9%; <1% as unchanged drug). Terminal elimination half-life: 6.6-31.4 hours (single dose).

• https://www.rxlist.com/dopram-drug.htm
• https://www.mims.com/india/drug/info/Bromhexine ?type=full&mtype=generic
• https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00561
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7003846/