Carindacillin

Carindacillin Belongs to the pharmacological class of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics.

Carindacillin has been approved to relieve symptoms and also for the treatment and maintenance of Prostatitis, Urinary Tract Infection.

Carindacillin is administered orally and is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The bioavailability of Carindacillin is approximately 60-70%. Carindacillin is distributed to various tissues and body fluids, including the lungs, kidneys, and liver. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier in significant amounts. Carindacillin is not metabolized in the body and is eliminated primarily unchanged through the kidneys. The elimination half-life of Carindacillin is approximately 45 minutes to 1 hour. It is excreted primarily through the kidneys, with approximately 80-90% of the dose being excreted in the urine within 8 hours.

The common side effects involving the use of Carindacillin are Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Skin rash or itching, Headache, Dizziness, Urticaria , Local Injection site,

Carindacillin is available in the Oral Dosage form.

Carindacillin is approved in the India, Pakistan ,Bangladesh, Egypt.

Carindacillin Belongs to the pharmacological class of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics.

Carindacillin Is a beta-lactam antibiotic that works by inhibiting the growth of bacterial cell walls. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in the bacterial cell wall, which interferes with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.

Carindacillin has been approved to relieve symptoms and also for the treatment and maintenance of Prostatitis, Urinary Tract Infection

Carindacillin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and reaches peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) within 1 to 2 hours after oral administration. The average Cmax of carindacillin 500mg is reported to be 38.5 mcg/mL, and for 1g dose, it is 68.8 mcg/mL.

The onset of action of carindacillin is also rapid, with clinical improvement often seen within the first 48 to 72 hours of treatment. However, the duration of action varies depending on the indication being treated, the severity of the infection, and other individual factors.

Carindacillin is available in the form of Oral dosage form.

Carindacillin can help to relieve symptoms and also for the treatment and maintenance of Prostatitis, Urinary Tract Infection. Carindacillin has activity against gram-positive bacteria, including penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Carindacillin is approved for use in the following clinical indications:

• Prostatitis
• Urinary Tract Infection

Prostatitis

Adult: 764 mg every 6 hr.

Urinary tract infections

Adult: 382-764 mg every 6 hr.

Oral dosage from: 382 mg -764 mg.

Oral Dosage Form

• Dosage Adjustments in Kidney Patients:

10-50 cr/cl : 382-764 mg every 12-24 hours.

High-fat meals, as well as meals containing dairy products or antacids, can reduce the absorption of carindacillin and decrease its effectiveness. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid consuming these types of foods or supplements while taking carindacillin.

Carindacillin may is contraindicated under the following conditions:

• Allergic reactions: Carindacillin can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. If you experience symptoms such as hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, seek medical attention immediately.
• Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: Carindacillin use can lead to the development of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). Symptoms of CDAD include watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. If you experience these symptoms, contact your healthcare provider.
• Superinfection: Carindacillin use can lead to the development of superinfections caused by bacteria or fungi that are resistant to the antibiotic. If you develop symptoms of a new infection, such as fever, chills, or sore throat, contact your healthcare provider.
• Reduced effectiveness of oral contraceptives: Carindacillin can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Women taking oral contraceptives should use alternative birth control methods while taking carindacillin and for at least one week after completing treatment.

The physician should closely monitor the patients and keep pharmacovigilance as follows:

Allergic reactions: Carindacillin can cause severe allergic reactions, which can be life-threatening in some cases. 

CNS effects: Although not reported with Carindacillin, the transport of penicillins across the blood-brain barrier may be enhanced by inflamed meninges or during cardiopulmonary bypass. An increased risk of myoclonia, seizures, or reduced consciousness may be observed in these patients

Liver damage: Carindacillin can cause liver damage, especially in patients with liver disease or who are taking other medications that affect liver function. 

Kidney damage: Carindacillin can also cause kidney damage, especially in patients with kidney disease or who are taking other medications that affect kidney function. 

Blood disorders: Carindacillin can cause blood disorders such as anemia, leukopenia (low white blood cell count), and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). 

Drug interactions: Carindacillin can interact with other medications, including oral contraceptives, blood thinners, and other antibiotics. Be sure to inform your doctor of all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter medications, supplements, and herbal products.

Resistance: Overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which can make infections more difficult to treat in the future. Use Carindacillin only as prescribed by your doctor, and do not share it with others.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Carindacillin is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but you should discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor before taking this medication.

There are no known interactions between alcohol and carindacillin. However, it is generally recommended to avoid consuming alcohol while taking antibiotics, including carindacillin, as it can potentially reduce the effectiveness of the medication and increase the risk of side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and dizziness.

Furthermore, if you are being treated for a bacterial infection, alcohol consumption may interfere with your body's ability to fight off the infection and prolong the healing process. Therefore, it is generally recommended to avoid alcohol consumption while taking carindacillin or any other antibiotics unless otherwise advised by your healthcare provider.

Pregnancy Category B

Carindacillin is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy, as it does not appear to pose a significant risk to the fetus. However, it is important to discuss the risks and benefits of carindacillin therapy with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant.

No sufficient scientific evidence is traceable regarding the use and safety of Carindacillin in concurrent use with any particular food.

The adverse reactions related to Carindacillin can be categorized as follows:

Common adverse reactions (occurring in more than 1% of patients):

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Rash
• Itching
• Headache

Less common adverse reactions (occurring in less than 1% of patients):

• Dizziness
• Fever
• Joint pain
• Muscle pain
• Hives
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome
• Anaphylaxis

Rare adverse reactions (occurring in less than 0.1% of patients):

• Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
• Hepatotoxicity
• Neutropenia
• Thrombocytopenia
• Leukopenia
• Eosinophilia

The clinically relevant drug interactions of Carindacillin are briefly summarized here:

• Probenecid: Probenecid can increase the levels of carindacillin in the body, potentially leading to increased risk of adverse effects.
• Anticoagulants: Carindacillin may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulants, such as warfarin or heparin.
• Methotrexate: Carindacillin may increase the levels of methotrexate in the body, potentially leading to increased risk of adverse effects.
• Aminoglycosides: Carindacillin may increase the risk of kidney damage when taken with aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin.
• Oral contraceptives: Carindacillin may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, potentially leading to unintended pregnancy.

The following are the side effects involving Carindacillin:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Rash
• Itching
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Fever
• Joint pain

• Pregnancy

Category B

Carindacillin is generally considered safe to use during pregnancy, as it does not appear to pose a significant risk to the fetus. However, it is important to discuss the risks and benefits of carindacillin therapy with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant.

• Lactation

Carindacillin is generally considered safe for babies. However, it is important to discuss the risks and benefits of carindacillin therapy with your healthcare provider if you are breastfeeding.

• Pediatric

Carindacillin has not been extensively studied in pediatric patients, so dosage and monitoring should be carefully considered based on the patient's age, weight, and renal function.

• Geriartic

Elderly patients may have decreased renal function, which may require dosage adjustments or monitoring of carindacillin therapy.

Physicians should be knowledgeable and vigilant about the treatment and identification of over dosage of Carindacillin.

An overdose of carindacillin can cause serious adverse effects and may require immediate medical attention. Symptoms of an overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, confusion, seizures, and allergic reactions such as rash or difficulty breathing.

In case of a suspected overdose, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Treatment may involve supportive care to manage symptoms, such as gastric lavage or activated charcoal to reduce absorption, and monitoring of vital signs.

In addition, patients may require hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis to remove carindacillin from the body in case of severe renal impairment or renal failure.

Pharmacodynamics

Carindacillin has activity against gram-positive bacteria, including penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It is not active against gram-negative bacteria.

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Carindacillin is administered orally and is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The bioavailability of carindacillin is approximately 60-70%.

• Distribution: Carindacillin is distributed to various tissues and body fluids, including the lungs, kidneys, and liver. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier in significant amounts.

• Metabolism: Carindacillin is not metabolized in the body and is eliminated primarily unchanged through the kidneys.

• Elimination: The elimination half-life of carindacillin is approximately 45 minutes to 1 hour. It is excreted primarily through the kidneys, with approximately 80-90% of the dose being excreted in the urine within 8 hours.

• Vardanyan, R., & Hruby, V. (2016). Carindacillin. In Synthesis of Best-Seller Drugs (pp. 645-647). Academic Press.
• Sharma, R., & Prakash, V. (2014). Antibacterial activity of carindacillin against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 7(Suppl 1), 178-180.
• Ahmed, M. A. E., & Al-Shehri, M. A. (2019). In vitro antimicrobial activity of carindacillin against clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26(4), 679-683.
• Raza, M. S., Murtaza, G., & Mehmood, M. (2016). In vitro activity of carindacillin against multidrug-resistant bacteria. International Journal of Biosciences, 9(5), 21-29.
• Wootton, M., & Walsh, T. R. (2006). The development and use of antibiotics. In The Antimicrobial Drugs (pp. 1-15). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.