Cefalotin

Cefalotin belongs to the pharmacological class of first-generation cephalosporin antibiotics.

Cefalotin is available as Injectable Powder For Injection and Intravenous Solution.

The common side effects involving the use of Cefalotin are nausea, vomiting, indigestion, intense abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

Cefalotin belongs to the pharmacological class of first-generation cephalosporin antibiotics.

Cefalotin is a cephalosporin antibiotic, a class of β-lactam antibiotics similar to penicillins, which binds to and inhibits penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).

Cefalotin has been approved to relieve symptoms and also for the treatment and maintenance of surgical infection prophylaxis, staphylococcal infections, urinary tract infections, escherichia coli infections, klebsiella infections, proteus infections, respiratory tract infections, soft tissue infections, streptococcal infections.

Cefalotin is approved in the U.S., U.K., Germany, Japan, Malaysia, India, and China.

Cefalotin is available in the form of Injectable Powder For Injection and Intravenous Solution.

Cefalotin can be used in the following treatment:

Cefalotin can help to relieve symptoms and also for the treatment and maintenance of surgical infection prophylaxis, staphylococcal infections, urinary tract infections, escherichia coli infections, klebsiella infections,proteus infections,respiratory tract infections,soft tissue infections,streptococcal infections.

Cefalotin is approved for use in the following clinical indications:

Injectable Powder For Injection: Reconstituted into an injection, then administered by a registered medical practitioner

Intravenous Solution: Administered intravenously by a registered medical practitioner.

Intravenous

Prophylaxis for surgical infections

Adult: 2 grams as a slow injection of over 3-5 min or by an intermittent or continuous infusion thirty-sixty min prior to surgery, followed by a dose of 2 grams during surgery, then 2 grams 6 hourly after surgery for 24 hr which is continued for up to 72 hr for patients undergoing heart valve replacement or arthroplasty.

Parenteral

Susceptible infections

Adult: 0.5-1 g , four-six hourly by slow IV inj over three-five min or by intermittent or continuous infusion, deep IM injection. Max: 12 g daily.

Child: 80-160 mg/kg daily is divided doses, by deep Intramuscular injection, slow IV injection, or intermittent or continuous IV infusion.

Injectable Powder For Injection, Intravenous Solution

Avoid high acid foods like citrus fruits and juices like orange and grapefruit, soda and chocolates.

Alcohol intake might lead to nausea,vomiting and headache

Multivitamins and antacids contain minerals primarily magnesium calcium aluminum iron or zinc which binds to the antibiotic and refrain it from working. Spacing them at least for 2 hours after Cefalotin administration is recommended.

Cefalotin may be contraindicated under the following conditions:

• Patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
• Previous immediate or severe hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin or to any other beta-lactam medicinal products.

The physician should closely monitor the patients and keep pharmacovigilance as follows:

Renal impairment:

The use of Cefalotin in patients with renal dysfunction should be monitored carefully. A modified dosage schedule in patients with a decreased renal function is essential.

Prolonged use:

As with all antibiotics, prolonged use might result in the overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms.

Hypersensitivity phenomena:

Hypersensitivity phenomena are found to more likely to occur in individuals who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity and those with a history of hay fever, allergy, asthma, or urticaria. Special caution is required to determine any other type of previous hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin or to other beta-lactam medicinal products, as patients hypersensitive to these medicines might be hypersensitive to Cefalotin as well as (cross-allergy).

History of Colitis/Gastrointestinal disorders:

Cefalotin should be used cautiously in those patients with a known history of gastrointestinal/collitis disorders.

Pediatric use: As these products might contain arginine, they should be used cautiously in the pediatric population.

Usage of alcohol should be avoided while on Cefalotin medication, as alcohol can worsen the effects of any underlying disease condition, including conditions such as dizziness, blurred vision, etc.

No sufficient scientific evidence is traceable regarding the use and safety of Cefalotin in concurrent use with any particular food.

The adverse reactions related to Cefalotin can be categorized as follows:

• Acute renal tubular necrosis
• Acute interstitial nephritis
• Hypersensitivity reactions such as skin rashes, urticaria, eosinophilia, fever, serum sickness-like reactions
• Neutropenia
• Thrombocytopenia
• Bleeding complications related to hypoprothrombinemia and/or platelet dysfunction
• Nephrotoxicity
• Thrombophlebitis (IV) and pain (IM) at the injection site
• Rarely, hemolytic anemia
• Transient increase in liver enzyme values
• Convulsions and other signs of CNS toxicity
• Agranulocytosis
• Hepatitis
• Cholestatic jaundice
• GI effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
• Potentially Fatal: pseudomembranous colitis, Anaphylaxis

The clinically relevant drug interactions ofCefalotin is briefly summarized here:

Increased risk of nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides such as gentamicin, tobramycin, and loop diuretics such as furosemide. Antagonistic effect with bacteriostatic antibacterials. Probenecid might inhibit the renal excretion of cefalotin.

The following are the side effects involving Cefalotin:

● Indigestion

● Nausea

● Diarrhea

● Vomiting

● Intense Abdominal Pain

Pregnancy

Pharmacodynamics

Cefalotin or cephalothin is a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin having a broad spectrum of antibiotic activity that is found to be administered parenterally.

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Cefalotin is found to be poorly absorbed from the GI tract. Time to peak plasma concentration: W/in 30 min (IM); 15 min (IV).

• Distribution: Cefalotin is found to be widely distributed into the body tissues and fluids except for the brain and Cerebrospinal fluid (low and unpredictable concentrations). Cefalotin is found to cross the placenta and enters breast milk (low concentrations). Plasma protein binding: Approx 70%.

• Metabolism: Hepatic via deacetylation.

• Excretion: Via urine (approx 60-70%) and bile (very small amount). Plasma half-life: Approx 30-50 min.

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