Ceforanide

Ceforanide belongs to the pharmacological class of Second-generation cephalosporin antibiotics.

Ceforanide can help to relieve symptoms and also for the treatment and maintenance of Respiratory tract infections, Skin and soft tissue infections, Urinary tract infections, Bone and joint infections.

Upon intramuscular injection, the drug is rapidly absorbed. The volume of distribution is not known. The drug binds to proteins to a high extent, approximately 80.6%. The primary pathway of drug elimination is through urinary excretion. Within 12 hours, 85% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. No metabolites with antibiotic activity were detected in urine. Information regarding the route of elimination is not available.

Ceforanide is found to be available in the form of Tablets, Powder for injection.

The common side effects which involve the use of Ceforanide are nausea, vomiting, gas, weakness, tiredness, itching, diarrhea, headache,upset stomach, etc.

Cefaronide is approved for use in Canada, U.S., U.K.,India.

Ceforanide belongs to the pharmacological class of Second-generation cephalosporin antibiotics.

Ceforanide is a bactericidal antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Specifically, it binds to and inhibits the activity of the enzymes responsible for cross-linking peptidoglycan strands in bacterial cell walls, known as penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). This leads to the weakening and eventual lysis of bacterial cell walls, resulting in the death of the bacteria. Ceforanide is effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, among others.

Ceforanide can help to relieve symptoms and also for the treatment and maintenance of Respiratory tract infections, Skin and soft tissue infections, Urinary tract infections, Bone and joint infections.

Ceforanide is found to be available in the form of Tablets, Powder for injection.

Ceforanide can be used in the following treatment:

• Respiratory tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Bone and joint infection

Cefotetan can help to relieve symptoms and also for the treatment and maintenance of Respiratory tract infections, Skin and soft tissue infections, Urinary tract infections, Bone and joint infections.

Ceforanide is approved for use in the following clinical indications:

● Respiratory tract infections

● Skin and soft tissue infections

● Urinary tract infections

● Bone and joint infections

Mild to moderate infections: 250 mg to 500 mg orally every 12 hours

Severe infections: 1 gram to 2 grams IV every 12 hours

Skin and soft tissue infections:

Mild to moderate infections: 250 mg to 500 mg orally every 12 hours

Severe infections: 1 gram to 2 grams IV every 12 hours

Urinary tract infections:

Uncomplicated infections: 250 mg to 500 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days

Complicated infections: 1 gram to 2 grams IV every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days

Bone and joint infections:

1 gram to 2 grams IV every 12 hours for 4 to 6 weeks, depending on the severity of the infection.

Tablets: Ceforanide tablets are typically available in 250 mg and 500 mg strengths.

Powder for injection: Ceforanide powder for injection is available in vials containing 500 mg, 1 gram, and 2 grams of the drug.

Tablets, Powder for injection

Avoid high acid foods like citrus fruits as well as juices like orange and grapefruit, soda and chocolates.

Alcohol intake might lead to vomiting , nausea and headache

Multivitamins and antacids contain minerals primarily magnesium calcium aluminum iron or zinc which binds to the antibiotic and refrain it from acting. Spacing them at least for 2 hours after Ceforanide administration is recommended.

Ceforanide may be contraindicated under the following conditions:

• Ceforanide is contraindicated in patients who have demonstrated hypersensitivity to Ceforanide, other cephalosporins, penicillins or any component of the formulation. It should also not be used in patients with a history of anaphylaxis to beta-lactam antibiotics.

The adverse reactions related to Ceforanide can be categorized as follows:

Common:

• Gastrointestinal effects: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and flatulence.
• Hypersensitivity reactions: rash, itching, hives, and swelling of the face or throat.
• Injection site reactions: pain, swelling, and redness at the site of injection.

Less Common:

• Headache
• Dizziness
• Insomnia
• Fatigue
• Itching
• Vaginal itching or discharge
• Mouth or throat sores
• Fever
• Joint pain
• Muscle pain

Rare:

• Anaphylaxis: severe allergic reaction characterized by breathing difficulties, swelling of the face or throat, and low blood pressure.
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a rare and severe skin reaction characterized by blisters, peeling skin, and mucous membrane involvement.
• Hemolytic anemia: a rare blood disorder in which the red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced.
• Thrombocytopenia: a rare condition in which there is a decreased number of platelets in the blood, leading to bleeding and bruising.
• Agranulocytosis: a rare and serious blood disorder in which there is a severe reduction in white blood cells, leading to increased risk of infections.

The clinically relevant drug interactions of Ceforanide is briefly summarized here:

Probenecid: Probenecid may increase the serum concentrations of ceforanide by reducing its renal excretion, potentially leading to toxicity. Dosage adjustment of ceforanide may be necessary if co-administered with probenecid.

Aminoglycosides: Ceforanide may enhance the nephrotoxic and ototoxic effects of aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin or tobramycin. Close monitoring of renal function and hearing is recommended when ceforanide is used concurrently with aminoglycosides.

Loop diuretics: Co-administration of ceforanide with loop diuretics may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. Monitoring of renal function and electrolyte balance is recommended when these drugs are used together.

Oral anticoagulants: Ceforanide may enhance the anticoagulant effects of oral anticoagulants, such as warfarin, by displacing them from their binding sites on plasma proteins. Close monitoring of coagulation parameters is recommended if these drugs are used concomitantly.

Other antibiotics: Co-administration of ceforanide with other antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol or tetracyclines, may antagonize the bactericidal effects of ceforanide. Careful consideration of the benefits and risks of concurrent use is recommended.

The following are the side effects involving Ceforanide :

• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Stomach pain
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Rash or itching
• Yeast infection

Physicians should be knowledgeable and vigilant about the treatment and identification of overdosage of Ceforanide.

There is limited information available on the specific management of an overdose of Ceforanide. However, in the case of an overdose, supportive measures such as monitoring of vital signs, fluid and electrolyte balance, and renal function should be initiated. Hemodialysis may be considered to remove Ceforanide from the body.

It is important to note that Ceforanide overdose is rare, and the dosages used in clinical practice are well-tolerated. Therefore, it is important to follow the prescribed dosage and duration of therapy to prevent any adverse effects. In case of suspected overdose, medical attention should be sought immediately.

Pharmacodynamics

Ceforanide belongs to the class of semisynthetic second-generation cephalosporins. These bactericidal drugs have activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They act by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, a mechanism of action similar to that of the penicillins.

Pharmacokinetics

Upon intramuscular injection, the drug is rapidly absorbed. The volume of distribution is not known. The drug binds to proteins to a high extent, approximately 80.6%. The primary pathway of drug elimination is through urinary excretion. Within 12 hours, 85% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. No metabolites with antibiotic activity were detected in urine. Information regarding the route of elimination is not available.

• https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ceforanide#section=Structures
• https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00923
• https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ceforanide.html
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/ceforanide
• https://drugs.ncats.io/drug/8M1YF8951V
• https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=refs&ligandId=12218